hnip² {InkvXy³ aX¯nsâ ASn¯d A\p{KloXamb c£Isâ Ncn{X¯nð Øm]n¨ncn¡póp. Cu hnip² kXy¯nð Fñmhcpw tbmPn¡pó {]tNmZnXcmb \nch[n Fgp¯pImÀ CXv tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw Ahtijn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tbip, {InkvXp BWv, Poh\pÅ ssZh¯nsâ ]p{X\mWv FóXnsâ sXfnhmWv Cu {]tNmZnX Fgp¯pIÄ. Cu ]mdbnð {InkvXob k` ]WnXncn¡póp. hnhn[ BZyIme {InkvXob Fgp¯pImÀ kphntij§fpw teJ\§fpw aÁp ]pkvXI§fpw FgpXn. Ahbnð NneXv ]pXnb\nba¯nsâ Imt\m³ Bbn XncsªSp¯v ss__nÄ cq]¯nem¡n. IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphntâXmb, aÁv Fgp¯pImcmð BteJ\w sN¿s¸« hmsamgnbñmsX, Hcp Fgp¯pw \nehnenñ. tbiphnsâ kz´w injyòmcpw, Ahsc ImWpIbpw Ahcnð \nóv ]Tn¡pIbpw sNbvXXmbn ]c¼cmKXambn hnizkn¡pó {]apJ Fgp¯pImcpambncpóp At¸mkvtXmenI ]nXm¡òmÀ. injyòmcpambn t\cn«p _ÔanñmsX At¸mkvtXmenI ]n´pSÀ¨bpsS AhImiw e`n¨ Fgp¯pImcmWv BZyIme k`m ]nXm¡òmÀ. {InkvXpaXs¯ hnaÀin¡qóhÀs¡Xnsc hmZn¨ k`m kvt\lnXcmbncpóp At¸mfPnkvÁpIÄ.

]pXnb\nbaw {InkvXob ss__nfnse cïp `mK§fnð cïmat¯Xpw, sNdpXpw, {InkvXob k`bpsS Imt\m\nIhpw B[nImcnIhpamb ASnØm\amWv. ]gb\nba¯nse hmKvZm\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWamWv ]pXnb\nbaw. CXnse 27 ]pkvXI§fnð BZys¯ \mse®w IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ PohnXhpw ]Tn¸n¡epIfpw hnhcn¡pó kphntij§Ä AYhm Gh³tKentbm³ BWv. {InkvXob hnizmkw {]Ncn¸n¡póXnð {InkvXphnsâ A\pbmbnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\s¯ hnhcn¡pó, k`bpsS BZyIme Ncn{XamWv At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ. {]mtZinI BZyIme hnizmknItfmSpÅ D]tZiw, {]t_m[\w, DZvt_mZ\w Fónh DÄs¸Spó hnizmk¯nsâ AÀ°hpw hym]vXnbpw ]Tn¸n¡pó teJ\§fmWv ]nóoSpÅXv. Ahbnð 14 F®w hnip² ]utemknsâ teJ\§fmWv. kmÀh{Xob [Catholic Epistles] teJ\§Ä Fódnbs¸Spó Ggp teJ\§Ä \mev Fgp¯pImcptSXmWv. Ahkm\s¯ shfn]mSv ]pkvXIw `mhnbnð hcm\ncn¡pó kw`h§fpw ssZhoIe£y¯nsâ ]cyhkm\hpw {]hNn¡póp.

BßoIhpw [mÀ½nIhpamb hfÀ¨bnð XncphN\§Ä¡v AXpeyamb Øm\apïv. "Fñm Xncpshgp¯pw ssZhizmkobamIbmð ssZh¯ns³d a\pjy³ kIe kð{]hr¯n¡pw hI {]m]n¨p XnIªh³ BtIïXnóp D]tZi¯n\pw imk\¯n\pw KpWoIcW¯nópw \oXnbnse A`ymk¯n\pw {]tbmP\apÅXp BIpóp.' (2 XosamsYsbmkv 3:16,17) \½psS IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ a\pjymhXmcw, IpcnipacWw, ]p\cp²m\w Fónhsb ]cmaÀin¡pó ssÇlnIhpw At¸mkvtXmenIhpw Bb ]cnip²mò \nthinXamb km£yhpw ssZhimkv{X {]t_m[\§fpamWv ]pXnb\nba¯nepÅXv. Pohsâ hN\¯nsâ a\pjymhXmcs¯ kz´ I®pIÄsImïv Iïpw, kz´w sNhnIÄsImïv tI«pw, kz´w ssIsImïv kv]Àin¨pw sImïpÅ At¸mkvtXmenI km£yamWv {InkvXob hnizmk¯nsâ \nZm\hpw ASnØm\hpw. k`m ]nXm¡òmÀ XncphN\s¯ AhcpsS Bßob PohnX¯nsâ A´À[mcbmbn A\p`hn¨v AdnªhcmWv.

\mev kphntijIòmcpw AhcpsS kphntij§fpw:
]pXnb\nba¯nse BZys¯ \mev ]pkvXI§fmb kphntij§Ä tbip{InkvXphnsâ PohnXhpw ]Tn¸n¡epIfpw hc¨p ImWn¡póp. ]gb\nba¯nse {]hN\§Ä {InkvXp F§s\ \ndthÁn Fóv Nqïn¡mWn¡phm\pw kphntij§Ä hfscb[nIw D]Icn¡póp. Zcn{ZÀ¡pthïn tbip Xsâ kphmÀ¯m ip{iqjm [Good News] Bcw`n¡póXpw hyXykvX ]Ým¯e§fnð \nópÅ BfpIsf kam[m\t¯msS Hcpan¨v Pohn¡póXv F§s\sbóv ]Tn¸n¡póXpw kphntij§fnð IqSnbmWv.

{InkvXob ]mc¼cy¯nð \mev kphntijIòmÀ hnip²cmb a¯mbn, aÀt¡mkv, eqt¡mkv, tbmlóm³ FónhcmWv. ]pXnb\nba¯nse \mev kphntij hnhcW§Ä krãn¨Xnsâ cNbnXm¡Ä Cu Xes¡«pIÄ hln¡póp: hnip² a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw, hnip² aÀt¡mknsâ kphntijw, hnip² eqt¡mknsâ kphntijw, hnip² tbmlómsâ kphntijw. BZys¯ aqóp kphntij§sf kam\kphntij§Ä [Synoptic Gospels] Fódnbs¸Spóp. ImcWw Ahbnð Htc kw`h hnhcW§Ä Htc {Ia¯nð DÄs¸Spóp. cNbnXm¡Ä IÀ¯mhmb tbip {InkvXphnsâ cïp injyòmÀ a¯mbnbpw tbmlóm\pw aÁp cïpt]À At¸mkvtXmenI ]nXm¡òcmb aÀt¡mkpw eqt¡mkpw.

hnip² a¯mbnbpw a¯mbnbpsS kphntijhpw:
hnip² a¯mbn IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ ]{´ïv At¸mkvXeòmcnð Hcmfmbncpóp. kphntij§Ä A\pkcn¨v tehn Fóp adpt]cpÅ a¯mbn Keoe¡mc\pw Að^mbnbpsS aI\pamb Hcp blqZ\mbncpóp. Np¦w ]ncnhmbncpóp sXmgnð. tdma³ A[n\nthi tk\bpambn klIcn¡póXmbn ImWs¸«Xn\mð kl PqXòmÀ At±ls¯ ]pÑn¨ncpóp. XncsªSp¸n\ptijw a¯mbn tbiphns\ Hcp hncpón\mbn ho«nte¡p £Wn¨p. CXp Iït¸mÄ \nIpXn]ncnhpImcpw ]m]nIfpsam¯v `£Ww Ign¨Xn\v imkv{Xnamcpw ]coiòmcpw tbiphns\ hnaÀin¨p. "Rm³ hóXv \oXnamòmscbñ ]m]nIsf am\km´c¯nte¡mWv hnfn¨Xv' Fóv D¯cw ]dhm³ CXv tbiphns\ t{]cn¸n¨p.

hnip² a¯mbn kphntijI³ Xsâ kphntijw Bcw`n¡póXv {InkvXphnsâ hwimhen, P\\w, ]qÀÆnIÀ Fóo hnhcW§fneqsSbmWv. tbip hmkvXh¯nð hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸« ainlm BsWópw I\yIbnð\nópw P\n¨ ZmhoZnsâ ]p{X\pw BsWópw sXfnbn¨v aqóp ]Xn\membn \mð¸¯ncïv XeapdIfnð tbiphnsâ hwimhen a¯mbn tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. ]ekvXo\nse PqX {InkvXym\nIÄ¡mWv Cu kphntijw FgpXnbsXóv Fgp¯pImc³ D]tbmKn¨ Nn´mKXnbpw BhnjvImc cq]§fpw kqNn¸n¡póp. \{kmb\mb tbip hmKvZ¯ ainlm BsWópw ]pcmX\ {]hN\§fnð Ah \ndthÁs¸«pshópw sXfnbn¡pI FóXmWv At±l¯nsâ henb e£yw. {InkvXphns\ {]hNn¡pIbpw ap³Iq«n ImWn¡pIbpw sN¿pó ]gb \nba `mK§fnte¡pÅ ]cmaÀi§fpw hm¡mepÅ Ahew_§Ä sImïpw kphntijw \ndªncn¡póp. "\ymb{]amW¯nð tamibpw {]hmNIòmcpw FgpXnb tbip' Ah\mWv' Fóp sXfnbn¡pI FóXmWv Cu ]pkvXI¯nsâ apgph³ e£yhpw. Cu kphntij¯nsâ {][m\ khntijX "Rm³ \in¸n¡m³ hóXñ, \ndthÁpóXn\mWv' Fó ap{ZmhmIy¯nð {]ISn¸n¡mw.

hnip² a¯mbn {InkvXptbiphnsâ Aôv {][m\ {]kwK§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp: ]ÀÆX {]`mjWw (5þ7); At¸mkvtXmeòmÀ¡pÅ anj\dn {]`mjWw (10); cmPy¯nsâ D]aIÄ (13); BZyIme ss{IkvXh kaql¯nse PohnXs¯¡pdn¨pÅ {]`mjWw (18); A´yImes¯ bpKm´imkv{X {]`mjWw (24þ25)

IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ kzÀ¤mtcmlW¯n\ptijw At¸mkvtXme\mb hnip² _À¯temambn C³Uybnte¡v anjy\dn ]cyS\w \S¯nsbópw AhnsS a¯mbnbpsS kphntij¯nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v Ahtijn¸n¨pshópw BZnak` Ncn{XImc\mb ssIkcnbmbnse bqtk_ntbmkv ]nXmhv km£n¡póp. ]pcmX\ \Kcamb Ieym¬ Fódnbs¸Spó sIm¦¬ Xocs¯ t_mws_ {]tZiw hnip² _À¯temambnbpsS anj\dn {]hÀ¯\ taJe Bbncpópshóv Fr. A.C. Perumalil SJ and Moraes FónhcpsS ]T\§Ä hyàam¡póp.

hnip² aÀt¡mkpw aÀt¡mknsâ kphntijhpw:
hnip² aÀt¡mkv ]t{Xmknsâ A\pbmbnbpw At¸mktXmenI ]nXmhpw Bb Hcp blqZ³ Bbncpóp. hnip² ]t{Xmkv At±ls¯ Xsâ t{]jnX bm{Xbnð klmbnbpw hymJymXmhpw Bbn XncsªSp¯p. tPm¬ Fóp adpt]cpÅ aÀt¡mkv _Àó_mknsâ ktlmZcn ]p{X\pw kphntijw {]kwKn¡m³ tbip Ab¨ Fgp]Xv injyòmcnð [St. Luke 10:1] HcmfmsWópw IcpXs¸Spóp. aÀt¡mknsâ A½ tbiphnsâ kv{Xo A\pbmbnIfnð Hcmfmb adnb Bbncpópshópw BZyIme {InkvXob hnizmknIÄ AhcpsS ho«nð IqSnhóncpóp Fópw At¸mkvtXme {]hÀ¯nIÄ shfnhm¡póp. (12:12) Cu hoSnsâ NpÁp]mSnð sK¯vskta\ ]qt´m«hpw DÄs¸«ncpóp. sbcpitew Iu¬knen\ptijw At´ymIybnte¡p aS§pt¼mÄ aÀt¡mkv _Àó_mkntâbpw iuentâbpw Iq«mfn Bbncpóp. ssk{]knte¡pÅ BZys¯ anj\dn bm{Xbnepw aÀt¡mkv ]utemknt\mSpw _Àó_mknt\mSpw H¸apïmbncpóp. ssk{]knepw sbcqiteanepw Bbncn¡pt¼mÄ tPm¬ aÀt¡mkns\ tPm¬ Fó F{_mb \ma¯nepw ]nóoSpÅ I¯pIfnð aÀt¡mkv Fó kÀÆkm[mcWamb tdma³ \ma¯nepamWv hnip² ]utemkv hnfn¨p ImWpóXv. hnip² aÀt¡mkn\v tbip{InkvXphns\ hyàn]cambn Adnbmambncpóp. hmkvXh¯nð, tbiphns\ AdkvÁp sNbvXt¸mÄ ]qt´m«¯nð \nóv \á\mbn HmSnt¸mb bphmhnsâ hnhcWw [St. Mark 14:51-52] kphntijIsâ BßIYm ]cmaÀiambn IcpXs¸Spóp.. ImcWw Cu hnhcWw aÀt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nð am{XamWv ImWpóXv. BZyw aÀt¡mkv Xsâ {]Ya t{]jnX bm{Xbnð aS§nt¸mbXpsImïv ]utemkn\v A\nã\mbncpóp F¦nepw ]nóoSv henb Zbbpïmbncpóp. Xsâ ip{iqjbnð hfsc {]tbmP\{]Z\mbncpópshópw k`IÄ Ahs\ kzoIcn¡Wsaópw km£ys¸Sp¯n I¯pIÄ Ab¨p.

BZyIme {InkvXpaX¯nsâ F¸nkvtIm¸ð `qhn`mK§fnð [Episcopal See] Hómb AeIvkm{ïnbmbnse k` Øm]n¨Xv hnip² aÀt¡mkmsWóv ]mc¼cyw hnizkn¡póp. AeIvkm{ïnbmbnse BZys¯ _nj¸mbn At±lw Ahtcm[n¡s¸«p. B{^n¡bnse {InkvXpaX¯nsâ Øm]I³ Fó \nebnð At±lw _lpam\n¡s¸Spóp. ss__nÄ ]cmaÀi§fnð Ahkm\ A¯mgw \Só ho«nte¡v Hcp IpSw shÅw sImïpt]mb BfmsWópw (hn. aÀt¡mkv 14:13) aÀt¡mkns\ Xncn¨dnbpóp. tbiphnsâ acWtijw aÀt¡mkvv injyòmsc Xsâ ho«nð BXntYbXzw hln¨pshópw DbÀs¯gptóÁ {InkvXp aÀt¡mknsâ ho«nð F¯nsbópw (hn. tbmlóm³ 20) ]cnip²mòmhv s]´nt¡mkvXn \mfnð injyòmcpsStað Cd§nbXv CtX ho«nð BsWópw, hncns¨mcp¡nb hòmfnI aÀt¡mknsâ A½bptSXmsWópw tIm]vÁn¡v ]mc¼cyapïv.

]pXnb \nba¯nse kphntij§fnð GÁhpw {lkzamWv aÀt¡mknsâ kphntijw. hnip² ]t{Xmkn\v aÀt¡mknt\mSv Gsd Cãambncpóp; aÀt¡mkns\ Xsâ ]p{X³ Fóp hnfn¨p. [1 Peter 5:13] ]e ]nXm¡òmcpw ]t{Xmkns\ aÀt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nsâ DdhnSambn IcpXpóp, ImcWw aÀt¡mkv ]t{Xmknsâ hymJymXmhv Bbncpóp. hnip² aÀt¡mknsâ kw£n]vXhpw hnhc_lpehpamb kphntijw {][m\ambpw hnPmXobÀ¡pthïnbpw, {]tXyIn¨v tdmaÀ¡p thïnbpw BWv Dt±in¡s¸«n«pÅXv. tbiphnsâ ]cky ip{ipjIsf¡pdn¨pÅ aÀt¡mknsâ hnhcW¯nsâ ]IpXntbmfw AÛpX§sf hnhcn¡póp. `qX§sf Xpc¯ns¡mïv, tcmKnIsf kpJs¸Sp¯póXneqsS, sImSp¦mÁpIsf im´am¡póXneqsS tbip AÛpX§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡póp.

hnip² eqt¡mkpw eqt¡mknsâ kphntijhpw:
At´ymIybnð P\n¨ eqt¡mkv BZyIme§fnð Xsó {InkvXpaX¯nte¡v ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«hcnð Hcmfmbncpóp. ¢mkn¡ð {Ko¡nð {]mhoWyw t\Snb Hcp kmlnXy {]Xn` Bbncpóp eqt¡mkv. kphntijw cNn¨tijw At¸mkvtXmeòmcpsS {]hÀ¯nIfpsS XpSÀ¨bpw At±lw FgpXn. Cu cïp IrXnIfpw tNÀóv GItZiw 60 hÀjs¯ tbiphntâbpw BZyIme {InkvXy³ k`bptSbpw PohnXhpw ]Tn¸n¡epw DÄs¡mÅpóp. ]pXnb\nba {KÙw FgpXnb GI hnPmXob³ eqt¡mkv BsWópÅXv At±l¯nsâ khntijXbmWv. [Collosians 4:10-14] ]utemknsâ DÁ kplr¯mbncpó eqt¡mkv Hcp sshZy\mbncpóp. At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIfnse hnhcWa\pkcn¨v hnip² ]utemknsâ aqóp anj\dn bm{XIfnð At±lw ]¦mfn Bbncpóp. amkntUmWnse t{]jIhq¯n¡ptijw eqt¡mkv ]utemknsâ k´XklNmcn Bbncpóp.

C{kmtben\pw Fñm hnPmXobÀ¡pw Hcpt]mse c£ hmKvZm\w sN¿pó tbip{InkvXphnð Fñm a\pjyÀ¡pw thïnbpÅ Hcp c£Isâ ]c¼cmKX hmKvZm\w \ndthÁs¸Spóp FóXmWv eqt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nse ImXemb kmcmwiw. ssZh¯nsâ kµÀi\¯ntâbpw kmÀh{XnI c£mamÀ¤¯ntâbpw {]tabw BZyw {]ISn¸n¨Xv skJcymhneqsSbpw, inatbm³ inip tbiphns\ tZhmeb¯nð Iït¸mÄ, "hnPmbnXÀ¡v shfns¸Sp¯en\pw bn{kmtbensâ alXz¯n\papÅ Hcp shfn¨w' Fó {]mÀ°\m {]hN\¯neqsSbpw Bbncpóp. [St. Luke 42:6. Isaiah 42:6, 49:6] eqt¡mknsâ kphntihpw At¸mktXme{]hÀ¯nIfpw X½nð Hcp hnhcWmßI sFIyapïv, ImcWw cïnepw, tbip{InkvXphntâbpw Ahsâ injyòmcptSbpw ZuXyw "ssZh¯nsâ Dt±iyw' \S¸m¡pI FóXmWv.

eqt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nse BZys¯ cïv A²ymb§Ä iniphmb tbiphns\¡pdn¨pÅXmWv. ]cnip² I\yIadnbm½nt\mSpÅ hnizmk¯nepw {]mÀ°\bnepw ]eXpw ept¡mknsâ inip hnhcW§sf ASnØm\am¡nbn«pÅhbmWv. hmkvXh¯nð, "\ò \ndª adnbta' Fó amXmhnt\mSpÅ {]mÀ°\ Cu kphntij¯nð \nópw Dcp¯ncnªXmWv. ]pXnb\nba¯nð tbiphnsâ _meyIme ]cmaÀihpw, _me\mb tbiphnsâ tbcpiteante¡pÅ bm{Xbpw, iniphmbn kwkmcn¡póXpw, eqt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nð am{XamWv. tbiphnsâ hwimhen hnip² a¯mbn A{_mlmanð \nóv XpS§pt¼mÄ hnip² eqt¡mkv AXp XpS§póXv kIe am\hcminbptSbpw BZy]nXmhmb BZmanð \nómWv: BZmans\ hntijn¸n¡póXv ssZh¯nsâ aI³ FómWv.

hnip² tbmlóm\pw tbmlómsâ kphntijhpw:
tbmlóm³ tbiphnsâ Acpainjy\pw, injyòmcnð {]mbw Ipdª Bfpw Bbncpóp. IÀ¯mhnsâ {IqipacW kab¯v At¸mkvtXmeòmcnð tbmlóm³ am{Xw Imðhdnbnse Ipcninsâ Nph«nð ]cnip² amXmhns\mSpw aÁp kv{XoItfmSpw H¸w \nóncpóp. tbip {Ipinð InSóv Xsâ amXmhnsâ kwc£W Gð¸n¨Xv Cu injys\ Bbncpóp. tbiphnsâ BÚb\pkcn¨v tbiphnsâ A½bmb I\yIadnbans\ tbmlóm³ tbiphnsâ Ahkm\ ]mc¼cyambn kzoIcn¨p. (hn. tbmlóm³ 19:25þ27) tbmlóm³ Xsâ cN\Ifnð ssZh¯n\pw ]p{X\mb tbiphn\pw a\pjyhÀ¤t¯mSpÅ kvt\lw {]ISn¸n¡póp. tbiphnsâ acWtijw tbcpitew k`bpsS XqWpIfnð Hcmfmbncpóp hnip² tbmlóm³ At¸mkvtXme³. bYmÀ° ]{´ïv injyòmcnð Hcmfmb At±lw ]qÀ® hmÀ²Iyw hsc Pohn¨ncpó Htcsbmcp hyànbmbncpópshópw càkm£nbmbn sImñs¸Sm¯ At¸mkvtXme³ Bbncpópshópw hnizkn¡s¸Spóp. Fóncpómepw, tdma³ A[nImcnIfmð ]tßmkv Zzo]nte¡v At±lw \mSpIS¯s¸«p Fóv IcpXs¸Spóp. AhnsS sh¨v At±lw shfn]mSv ]pkvXIw FgpXn.

sk_ZnbpsSbpw tPmló Fóp adpt]À hnfn¨ncpó ktemanbptSbpw aI\mbncpóp At±lw. At¸mkvtXme\mbncpó hnip² henb bmt¡m_v At±l¯nsâ ktlmZc³ Bbncpóp. hnip² tbmlóm³ At¸mktXme³ BZyw tbmlóm³ kv\m]Isâ injy\mbncpóp. kv\m]I³ tbiphns\ "ssZh¯nsâ IpªmSv' Fóv Nqïn¡mWn¨Xv tI«v tbiphns\ ]n´pScpIbpw IqsS Hcp Znhkw Xmakn¡bpw sNbvXXv tbmlóm\pw A{´tbmkpw Bbncpópshóv hnizkn¨p t]mcpóp. sk_Znbpw a¡fpw Keoenb ISenð aÕy_Ô\w \S¯pIbmbncpóp. Xsó A\pKan¡m³ tbip ]t{Xmknt\bpw A{´tbmknt\bpw, ]nsó sk_Zn ]p{Xòmcmb bmt¡m_nt\bpw tbmlómt\bpw hnfn¨p. AhÀ A¸t\bpw hetbbpw hn«v tbiphns\ ]n´pSÀóp. tbip sk_Zna¡sf hnfn¨ncpóXv CSna¡Ä FóÀ°apÅ "t_msWÀPkv' FómWv. hmkkuIcyw \nckn¨ Hcp iacy\Kc¯nð kzÀ¤ob Aán Cd¡n \in¸n¡phm³ sk_Zna¡Ä B{Kln¨sX§s\sbóv Hcp kphntij `mK¯v hnhcn¡póp. Fómð tbip Ahsc imkn¨p. (hn. eqt¡mkv 9:51þ56) At±l¯nsâ ktlmZc\pw BZy At¸mkvtXme càkm£nbpw Bbncpó hnip² henb bmt¡m_nsâ càkm£nXz¯n\ptijw Ac \qÁmïntesd hnip² tbmlóm³ At¸mkvtXme³ Pohn¨ncpóp. bmbotdmknsâ aIfpsS DbÀs¯gptóð¸n\pÅ ]t{XmskmgnsIbpÅ GI ZrIvkm£nbmbncpóp tbmlóm³. ]t{Xmkpw bmt¡m_pw tbmlóm\pw tbiphnsâ adpcq] aebnse cq]m´cs¸Sen\p km£nIfmbncpóp. Cu aqópt]À aÁv At¸mkvtXmeòmsc At]£n¨v sKXvka\bnse thZ\IÄ¡v AcnsI \nóv km£yw hln¨p. tbiphnsâ \ma¯nð `qX§sf ]pd¯m¡póXnð \nóv injy\ñm¯ Hcphs\ "hne¡n' Fóv tbiphns\ Adnbn¨ injy\mbncpóp tbmlóm³. "\ap¡v FXncñm¯h³ \ap¡v A\pIqew' Fóv IÀ¯mhv AXn\v adp]Sn \ðIn.

Ahkm\ A¯mgamb s]klm `£W¯nsâ Hcp¡¯n\mbn tbip ]«W¯nte¡v Ab¨Xv ]t{Xmknt\bpw tbmlómt\bpw am{Xambncpóp. (hn. eqt¡mkv 22:8) "tbip kvt\ln¨ injy³' A´y A¯mg¯nð tbiphnsâ s\tômSv tNÀóv AcnsI Ccpóp. ]mc¼cyw Cu injys\ hnip² tbmlóm³ Fóv Xncn¨dnbpóp. (hn. tbmlóm³ 13:23þ25) tbiphns\ AdkvÁp sNbvXtijw ]t{Xmkpw asÁ injy\pw tbiphnt\msS¸w alm]ptcmlnXsâ sIm«mc¯nte¡v A\pKan¨p. Cu "asÁ injy³' tbmlóm³ BsWóv A\pam\n¡póp. tbiphnsâ kzÀ¤mtcmlW¯n\pw s]´nt¡mkvXnbnse ]cnip²mß Bhmk¯n\pw tijw tbmlóm\pw ]t{Xmkpw tNÀóv k`bpsS Øm]\¯nepw amÀ¤\nÀt±i¯nepw {][m\ ]¦p hln¨p. ({]hÀ¯nIÄ 3) tbcpitew tZhmeb¯nse itemtamsâ aÞ]¯nð ]t{Xmkv apS´s\ kuJyam¡nbt¸mÄ tbmlóm³ IqsSbpïmbncpóp. ]t{Xmkns\m¸w tbmlómt\bpw Imcm{Kl¯nem¡n. ]pXpXmbn ]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvX hnizmknIsf kµÀin¡m³ ]t{Xmknt\msSm¸w At±lw iacybnte¡p t]mbn. ({]hÀ¯nIÄ 8:14)

KemXy teJ\¯nð hnip² ]utemkv, ]t{Xmknt\bpw \oXnam\mb sNdnb bmt¡m_nt\bpw [James The Just] tbmlómt\bpw "k`bpsS XqWpIÄ' Fóp hntijn¸n¡póp. sPdpkteanse aninsslI kapZmb¯nse {]apJcmb ChÀ¡v blqZm \nba¯nð\nóv apàamb Hcp kphntij¯nsâ At¸mkvtXmenI {]kwKw e`n¨Xnsâ AwKoImcs¯bmWv ]utemkv kqNn¸n¡póXv.

ssZhimkv{X]cambn AKm[amb hnip² tbmlómsâ kphntijw hN\w PUambn¯oÀóp Fó \nKqVXsb {]kvXmhn¡póp. \kdmb\mb tbiphnsâ PohnXw, A`n\nthiw, acWw ]p\cp²m\w FónhbpsS ]pXnb Nn{XoIcWw tbmlómsâ kphntijw \ðIpóp. tbmlómsâ kphntijw tbip{InkvXphnsâ AhXmchpw ssZhXzhpw Duón¸dbpóp. temIkmlnXy¯nsâ AXn Kw`ocamb Hcp IrXnbmWv tbmlómsâ BapJw: "BZnbnð hN\w Dïmbncpóp; hN\w ssZht¯mSpIqsS Bbncpóp; hN\w ssZhw Bbncpóp.' BapJ¯nð tbmlóm³ tbiphns\ temtKmIfmbn Xncn¨dnbpóp. Fñm krãnIÄ¡pw ssZh¯nsâ FIoIcW XXz¯nsâ ZmÀi\nI Bibw hN\¯nsâ \nÀhN\¯neqsS shfnhm¡póp.

tbmlómsâ kphntijw tbiphns\ ainlm Fóp hnfn¡póp. CXnsâ AÀ°w ssZh¯nsâ A`njnà³ FómWv. tbiphnsâ hyànXzw shfns¸Sp¯pó "Rm³' Fó hm¡n\v kphntijw {it²bamWv. ]pd¸mSp ]pkvXI¯nð ssZhw Xsó¯só shfns¸SpóXv "Rm\mIpóh³ Rm\mIpóp' FómWv. Cu kphntij¯nð tbip ]nXmhmb ssZhhpambn kzbw Xncn¨dnbpóp. tbiphnsâ Fgp "Rm³' {]tbmK§Ä CXnð kqNn¸n¡póp. "Rm³ Pohsâ A¸w', "Rm³ temI¯nsâ shfn¨w', "Rm³ BSpIfpsS hmXnð', "Rm³ \ñ CSb³', "Rm³ ]p\cp²m\hpw Poh\pw', "Rm³ hgnbpw kXyhpw Poh\pw', "Rm³ ap´ncphÅn'. kphntijw ]nXmhntâbpw ]p{Xtâbpw ]cnip² dqlmbptSbpw clkyhpw _Ô§fpw shfns¸Sp¯póp. Im\mhnse IeymWhncpónsâ AÛpXw, emkdns\ DbÀs¯gpt\ð¸n¨Xv, injyòmcpsS ]mZw IgpIð, {Iqinð amXmhnt\mSpw tbmlómt\mSpw ]dª hm¡pIÄ apXembhsb ]cmaÀin¡póXv Cu kphntij¯nð am{XamWv.

At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ:
{InkvXob k` blpZ aX¯nð \nópw hyXykvXhpw AXnsâ Ahinã§fnð Øm]nXhpamWv. {InkvXphns\ kw_Ôn¨ hkvXpXIÄ At¸mkvtXmeòmÀ¡v ]qÀ®ambpw _Ôs¸Sm\pw km£ys¸Sp¯m\pw hfsc Bhiyambncpóp. hnip² eqt¡mknsâ "At¸mkvtXmeòmcpsS {]hÀ¯nIÄ' Fó Ncn{X ]pkvXIw \mev kphntij§Ä¡ptijw ]hn{X Imt\msâ `mKambn Fñmbvt¸mgpw kzoIcn¨ncpóp. {InkvXphnsâ ]p\cp²m\¯nsâ sXfnhpIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯nb tijw kphntij§Ä ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Spóp. X§Ä Xsâ km£nIfmbncn¡Wsaóv {InkvXp injyòmtcmSv ]dªncpóp. A{]ImcapÅ AhcpsS \ntbmK¯nsâ \nÀÆlW¯n\v, {]hÀ¯nIfpsS ]pkvIw At¸mkvtXmeòmÀ¡pthïn km£yw hln¡póp.

]pXnb\nba¯nse aqómas¯ kphntijI\mb hnip² eqt¡mknsâ cïmas¯ ]pkvXIamWv At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ. ]gb\nba¯nð C{kmtben\v hmKvZm\w sNbvXXpw IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp t\Sn XóXpamb c£ Ct¸mÄ ]cnip²mßmhnsâ ]cn]me\¯nepw amÀ¤\nÀt±i¯nepw F§s\bmWv hnPmXnbÀ¡p IqSn hym]n¸n¨sXóv hnhcn¡pó Ncn{XamWv At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ. Ncn{X]camb Xsâ ]ckyip{iqjbnð XncsªSp¡s¸«Xpw ]p\cp²m\¯n\ptijw Xm³ ]Tn¸n¨ Fñm¯n\pw km£nIfmbn Znhyambn \ntbmKnIs¸«Xpamb ]{´ïv At¸mkvtXmenI {]Xn\n[nIfneqsS BWv CXv km²yambXv. ]cntÑZ\bpsS At¸mkvtXme\mb hnip² ]t{Xmkntâbpw hnPmXnbcpsS At¸mkvtXme\mb hnip² ]utemkntâbpw t{]jIthe Ncn{XamWv {][m\ambpw {]hÀ¯nIfpsS ]pkvXI¯nð hnhcn¡póXv. {InkvXy³ kapl¯nsâ BZyIme hmàmhv Fó \nebnð ]t{Xmkv kaql¯nsâ hfÀ¨bv¡v D¯chmZn Bbncpóp. ]nóoSv ]utemkv At´ymIybnse kapl¯nð tNÀóp. Gjyssa\dnte¡p kphntijw {]Ncn¸n¡m³ At±lt¯bpw _Àó_mknt\bpw NpaXes¸Sp¯n.

hnip² eqt¡mkv Xsâ cïv ]pkvXI§fpw Bcw`n¡póXv Xsâ kplr¯mb {ioam³ Xntbm^ntemkns\ kwt_m[\ sNbvXpsImïmWv. tbiphnsâ ]p\cp²m\w apXð ]utemknsâ BZys¯ tdma³ XShphsc k`bpsS ]ptcmKXnsb¡pdn¨v eqt¡mkv hnimeamb Hcp Nn{Xw hc¨pIm«póp. ]pkvXIw Ahkm\n¡póXv ]utemknsâ tdmanse Imcm{Kl hmkt¯msS BWv. Cu IY ]dbpt¼mÄ, blqZ aX¯nð \nópw {InkvXpaX¯nsâ DÛhw apXð temIsa¼mSpapÅ ]ZhnbptSbpw AIÀjW¯nsâbpw aXw Fó \nebnte¡pÅ bm{X eqt¡mkv hnhcn¡póp. BZyw blqZÀ, ]nsó hnPmXob iacyÀ, Að¸w Að¸w \m\m hnPmXnbÀ HSphnð X¯z¯nð hnPmXnbÀ, C§s\ aÁv kwkvImc§fntebpw cmPy§fntebpw BfpIsf t{]cn¸n¨ kmlNcy§sf Øm]n¨p Im«n¯cpóp. [Acts 8:4-25; 8:26-30; 10:1-48; 11:20-21]

k`bpsS Cu hnIk\¯nð ssZh¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\w a\pjy lrZb§sf Xpd¡póXmbn hnip² eqt¡mkv a\knem¡póp. k`bpsS Ncn{Xt¯mSpÅ At±l¯nsâ kao]\w ssZhimkv{X Xmð¸cy§fmð {]tNmZnXamWv. At¸mkvtXmenI k`bpsX Ncn{Xw Bßmhn\mð \bn¡s¸Spó Hcp kaql¯nsâ IYbmWv; ssZhhN\w ]cnip²mßmhn\mð \bn¡s¸SpóXmWv. [Acts 1:8] ]t{Xmkntâbpw ]utemkntâbpw bm{XIÄ, AXmbXv ssZhhN\¯nsâ bm{XIÄ, tbiphnsâ hn[n \Kcamb tbcpitew apXð Aós¯ temI¯nsâ XeØm\amb tdmw hsc hym]n¨p.

hnip² eqt¡mkv IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ Abbv¡s¸« Fgp]Xv injyòmcnð HcmfmsWóv IcpXs¸Spóp. At±lw hnip² ]utemknsâ tkh\§fnepw Iã¸mSpIfnepw Iq«pImc\mbncpóp tdmante¡pÅ A]IS bm{Xbnð At±lw ]utemknt\msSm¸w Dïmbncpóp. 2 XotamYtbmkv 4:11, 16:10, 20:6. Hcp XShpImc\mbn AhntS¡p sImïphcpt¼mÄ Pbnenð \nópw sImtekyÀ¡pw ^ntemtam\pw Xsâ teJ\§Ä FgpXpt¼mÄ eqt¡mkv ]utemknt\msSm¸w Dïmbncpóp.

At¸mkvtXme\mb hnip² ]utemkv:
XÀtkmknse iuð Fó blqZ \maapÅ At¸mkvXe\mb hnip² ]utemkv At¸mkvtXmenI bpK¯nse GÁhpw {][m\s¸« hyànIfnð Hcmfmbncpóp. Hómw \qÁmïnse temIs¯ {InkvXphnsâ kphntijw ]Tn¸n¨ hmÜnbpw Fgp¯pImc\pambncpóp hnip² ]utemkv. tbip{InkvXp Xsâ CltemI hym]mcIme¯v XncsªSp¯ ]´ncphcnð Hcph³ Asñ¦nepw {InkvXphnsâ DbÀ¸n\ptijw ZÀi\¯mð hnfn¨ptNÀ¡s¸« Hcp ]qÀ® At¸mkvXe\mbncpóp hnip² ]utemkv. A. D. A¼XpIfpsS ]IpXnhsc Gjyss\dnepw bqtdm¸nepw At±lw At\Iw {InkvXob k`IÄ Øm]n¨p. blqZ\pw tdma³ ]uc\pw Fó ]ZhnIÄ {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯n blqZòmcpsS CSbnepw tdmam¡mcpsS CSbnepw At±lw kphntijthe \S¯n.

saUnÁtd\nb³ Xocs¯ GÁhpw henb hym]mctI{µ§fnsemómb XÀtkmkv \Kc¯nse `ànbpÅ Hcp Ipeo\ PqXIpSpw_¯nð \nópapÅ Bfmbncpóp hnip² ]utemkv. B. C. 323 þð A´cn¨ alm\mb AeIvkmïÀ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ime¯v Gjymssa\dnse GÁhpw kzm[o\apÅ \Kcambncpóp XÀtkmkv. sNdp¸¯nð Xsó, Ncn{X¯nse GÁhpw {it²bcmb dºnIfnð Hcmfmb Kamentbensâ kvIqfnð\nópw hnZym`ymkw t\SpóXn\mbn At±ls¯ Pdpiteante¡v Ab¨p. F{_mb `mjbpw sImbv\ {Ko¡pw kpKaambn ssIImcyw sN¿póXn\pÅ ]mÞnXyw At±l¯n\pïmbncpóp. sXmgnð]cambn At±lw Hcp IqSmc\nÀ½mXmhmbncpóp.

aX]cnhÀ¯\¯n\p ap¼v tbiphnsâ ]n³KmanIsf sbcpitew {]tZi¯v ]oVn¸n¡m³ iuð {]XnÚm_²\mbncpóp. {InkvXpaXs¯ D]{Zhn¨ BÄ Fó \nebnð hnip² kvtX¸mt\mknsâ càkm£nXz¯nð kPoh ]¦p hln¨p. Hcn¡ð iuð sbcpiteanð \nóv ZamkvIkntebv¡v bm{X sN¿pt¼mÄ DbÀs¯gpt\Á \{kmb\mb tbip shfn¨¯nð Ah\v {]Xy£s¸«p; At±ls¯ AÔ\m¡n. Fómð aqóp Znhk¯n\ptijw ZamkvIknse A\\ymkv Ahsâ ImgvN ]p\Øm]n¨p. AXn\ptijw \kdmb\mb tbip blqZ ainlmbpw ssZh]p{X\pamsWóv {]kwKn¡phm³ XpS§n. ]cnhÀ¯\¯n\p tijw ]utemkv t\sc Atd_ybnte¡pw ]nóoSv Zamkvt¡mknepw t]mbn. (KemXyÀ 1:17) aqóp hÀj§Ä¡ptijw At±lw Pdpitew kµÀin¨p. AhnsS hnip² bmt¡m_ns\ Iïpap«pIbpw iotam³ ]t{Xmknsâ IqsS ]Xn\ôv Znhkw Xmakn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. (KemXyÀ 1:13þ24) X\n¡v kphntijw e`n¨Xv a\pjy\nð\nóñ, adn¨v, tbip{InkvXphnsâ shfns¸Sp¯eneqsS BsWóv At±lw hmZn¨p.

"F«mw \mfnð ]cntÑZ\ Gäh³; bn{kmtbð PmXn¡mc³; s_\yman³ tKm{X¡mc³; F{_mbcnð \nóp P\n¨ F{_mb³; \ymb{]amWw kw_Ôn¨p ]coi³; ipjv¡m´n kw_Ôn¨p k`sb D]{Zhn¨h³; \ymb{]amW¯nse \oXn kw_Ôn¨p A\nµy³.': Fón§s\bmWv At±lw kzbw hntijn¸n¨Xv. (^nen¸nbÀ 3:5þ6) Xm³ "Hcp ]coi\pw ]coisâ aI\pw Bbncpóp' Fóv (At¸mkvtXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ 23:6) ]utemkv Xsâ ]nXmhns\ ]cmaÀin¨Xmbn {]hÀ¯nIÄ D²cn¡póp, Xsâ A\´nch³, s]§fpsS aIs\¡pdn¨v At¸mktXme{]hÀ¯nIÄ 23:4 ð ]cmaÀin¡pópïv. tdmaÀ 16:7þð, Xsâ _Ôp¡fmb As{´m\ns¡mknt\bpw bq\nbmhnt\bpw Ipdn¨v, AhÀ X\n¡papt¼ Xsó {InkvXym\nIÄ Bbncpópshópw At¸mkvtXmeòmcpsS CSbnð \ómbn Adnbs¸«hcpw Bbncpópshóv ]cmaÀin¡póp. ssk{]kv Zzo]nðsh¨mWv iuens\ BZyambn ]utemkv Fóp hnfn¨p ImWpóXv.

blqZ \nba§fptSbpw {]hN\§fptSbpw ]cnÚm\¯nð, tbip{InkvXphneqsS Fñm \nba§fpw {]hN\§fpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn Fóv At±lw blqZòmsc ]Tn¸n¨p t_m[ys¸Sp¯n. At±l¯nsâ hnimeamb A\p`h§fpw hnZym`ymkhpw ]pdPmXn¡mcpsS CSbnse thebpw ]cnKWn¨v "hnPmXnbcpsS At¸mkvtXme³' Fó ]Zhn At±l¯n\p \ðIn. (tdma³ 1:5; 11:13; KemXyÀ 2:8) tdma³ km{amPy¯nð kphntijw ^e{]Zambn {]Ncn¸n¡m\pw k`IÄ Øm]n¡m\pw ]nð¡me¯v Cu _lpaXn D]Icn¨p.

hnip² ]utemknsâ teJ\§Ä:
Xncpshgp¯pIsf Xpe\w sN¿pt¼mÄ ]gb\nba¯nse k¦oÀ¯\§fpw ]pXnb\nba¯nse hnip² ]utemknsâ teJ\§fpw GÁhpw Xnf¡amÀó Imhy tPymXnÊpIfmbn«mWv IcpXs¸SpóXv. F{_mb teJ\w DÄs¸sS ]Xn\mev teJ\§fmWv ]pXnb\nba¯nð ]utemkntâsXóv IcpXs¸SpóXv. ]pXnb\nba¯nð GXmïv \menð Hcp `mKw hnip² ]utemknsâ I¯pIfmWv. kphntij§Ä Ignªmð GÁhpw {]m[m\yw AÀln¡póhbpw Ah Xsó. hnip² ]utemknsâ I¯pIÄ Hmtcmópw Hmtcm {]tXyI kmlNcy¯nð FgpXs¸«XmWv. Hmtcm k`bptSbpw {]tXyI {]iv\§fpw shñphnfnIfpw IW¡nseSp¯v Ahbv¡v ]cnlmc§fpw amÀ¤ZÀi\§fpw \ðIpóXn\mWv Cu I¯pIÄ Dt±in¨ncpóXv F¦nepw, ]cnip²mò {]tNmZ\¯mð FgpXs¸«h BbXpsImïv AhbpsS kmÀÆ{XnIamb {]kàn hfsc hepXmWv. Fs^kyÀ, ^nen]yÀ, sImtemkyÀ Fóo aqóp teJ\§Ä XShnð Bbncn¡pt¼mÄ cNn¨XmbXn\mð Ahsb "Imcm{Kl teJ\§Ä' Fóv Adnbs¸Spóp. KemXyþsXktem\nIy teJ\§sf ]utemknsâ BZyIme teJ\§fmbn IcpXs¸Spóp. ]utemkv hyànIÄ¡b¨ \mev teJ\§Ä Dïv. Xotam¯ntbmkn\p cïpw, Xot¯mkn\pw ^netam\pamWv Cu I¯pIÄ. `nó A`n{]mb§Ä Dsï¦nepw F{_mb teJ\s¯ ]mc¼cyambn ]utemkntâsXóv hnizkn¡s¸Spóp.

At¸mkvXe{]hÀ¯nIfpsS ]IpXntbmfw hnip² ]utemknsâ PohnXt¯bpw {]hÀ¯nItfbpw Ipdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡póp. Ing¡pw ]SnªmdpapÅ Fñm k`Ifntebpw, ssZhimkv{X¯ntâbpw Bcm[\bptSbpw CSbPohnX¯ntâbpw kp{][m\ thcpIfmbn hnip² ]utemknsâ teJ\§Ä XpScpóp. {InkvXob Nn´bnepw {]tbmK¯nepw hnip² ]utemknsâ kzm[o\w, ss{IkvXhhnizmk¯nsâ hym]\¯nð GÀs¸«ncpó aÁp At¸mkvtXmeòmtc¡mfpw anj\dnamtc¡mfpw, hym]IambXpw AKm[hpsaóv hntijn¡s¸Spóp.

tdmaÀs¡gpXnb teJ\w:
]utemkv tdmaÀs¡gpXnb teJ\w FgpXnbXv t{Xmhmknte¡pÅ bm{Xmas²y sImcn´nð Kmbknsâ `h\¯nð AYnXnbmbn Xmakn¡pt¼mgmsWóv A\pam\n¡póp. Kmbkv Hcp sImcn´y³ Bbncpóp. ]utemknsâ Is¿gp¯pImc³ sXÀ¯ntbmkv [Amanuensis Tertius] BWv Cu I¯v BteJ\w sNbvXv ]IÀ¯nbncn¡póXv. Is¯gpXnbtijw ]utemkv AhnsSbpÅ ]mhs¸« hnip²òmÀ¡v tiJcn¨ klmb[\hpambn Pdpkteante¡v t]mIm\ncn¡bmbncpóp. {]hÀ¯nIÄ 20:3 ð CXv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv. AhnsS ]utemkv aqóp amkw {Koknð Xmakn¨pshómWv dnt¸mÀ«v. ]utemknsâ {Koknse GÁhpw henb anj\dn hnPb¯nsâ Øm\w sImcn´mbncpóp. tdma³kv 16:23 ð ]cmaÀin¡pó FdkvÁkv sImcn´nð Xmakn¨ncpóp. tdmam¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w BZy Øm\w ]nSn¨ncn¡póXv XnbXnbpsS ap³KW\ sImïñ, adn¨v DÅS¡¯nsâ AXnibIcamb anIhp sImïmWv. CXv FñmÁnepw ssZÀLytadnbXpw ]qÀ®hpw BWv. hnip² ]t{Xmkv kqNn¸n¡póXpt]mse [2 Peter 3:16] Cu teJ\w (15:26) ZpcqlXIÄ \ndªXpw a\Ênem¡m³ ITn\hpamWv.

sImcn´nbÀs¡gpXnb teJ\§Ä:
Xsâ cïmas¯ anj\dn bm{XbpsS Ahkm\¯nð, tImcn´nð \nópw 180 ssað AIsebpÅ Cós¯ XpÀ¡nbpsS ]Snªmd³ Xoc¯pÅ Fs^tkmknte¡v t]mIpóXn\pap³]v hnip² ]utemkv sImcn´nð k` Øm]n¨p. AhnsS \nóv ssIkcnbbnte¡pw At´ymIybnte¡pw t]mbn. aqómas¯ anjy\dn bm{Xbnð hoïpw At±lw Ft^tkmknte¡v aS§n hóp. GItZiw apóp hÀjt¯mfw At±lw AhnsS Xmakn¨p. ({]hÀ¯nIÄ 19:8, 19:10, 20:31) Ft^tkmknð Xmakn¡póXn\nsSbmWv Akqb, i{XpX, A[mÀ½nI s]cpamÁw Fónhsb¡pdn¨v sImcn´y³ kaql¯nsâ AkzØamb hmÀ¯ At±l¯n\p e`n¨Xv. sImcn´y k` ]utemkn\v Ab¨ I¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nð (7:11) hnhmlw, hn{Kl§Ä¡v AÀ¸n¨ amwkw `£n¡ð XpS§n \nch[n Imcy§fnð hyàX \ðIm³ k` Bhiys¸«ncpópshópw hyàamIpóp. Ft^tkmknse ZoÀLIme XmakthfbnemWv sImcn´nbÀ¡pÅ Hómw teJ\w FgpXnbXv Fóp A\pam\n¡s¸Spóp. IqSmsX XntamsYtbmkns\ AhcpsS ASpt¯¡v Ab¡mw Fó ]cmaÀihpw Dïv. ({]hÀ¯nIÄ 19:22, 1 sImcn´y³ 4:17)

sImcn´yÀ¡pÅ cïmw teJ\¯nð At¸mkvtXme\mb ]utemkpw Xotam¯n Fó kl Fgp¯pImc\pw sImcn´ybnse k`tbbpw Cós¯ {Koknsâ NpÁp]mSnepÅ AJmbbnse hnizmknItfbpw A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿póp. 2 sImcn´y³ 1:1 2 sImcn´y³ 16:6 ð kqNn¸n¨Xpt]mse Ft^tkmknse Xsâ ZoÀLIme Xmak¯nsâ Ahkm\ kab¯mbncn¡mw cïmw XhW sImcn´y k` kµÀin¡póp. 2 sImcn´y³ 2:1 thZ\mP\Iamb kµÀi\w FómWv CXns\ hntijn¸n¡póXv. hnip² ]utemknsâ "I®ocnsâ Hcp I¯mWv' cïmw sImcn´yteJ\w. sImcn´y k`sb aqómw {]mhiyw kµÀin¡m\pÅ Xsâ B{Klw I¯nð tcJs¸Sp¯póp. 2 sImcn´yÀ FgpXnb tijw ]utemkv aqómw {]mhiyw sImcn´y kµÀin¨p. ImcWw {]hÀ¯nIÄ 20 (2,3) ð aqópamkw Xm³ {Koknð sNehgn¨Xmbn kqNn¸n¡póp. Cu kab¯v tdmaÀs¡gpXnb I¯nð k`bnse Nne {]apJ hyànIfnð \nópw A`nhmZyw AÀ¸n¡póXmbn tdmam¡msc Adnbn¡póp.

Pdpiteanse \nÀ[\cmb hnizmknIÄ¡v klmblkvXw \o«póXnð ]¦ptNcm³ At±lw sImcn´ysc DZvt_m[n¸n¡póp. Xm\pw kl{]hÀ¯Icpw t\cn« At\Iw Iã¸mSpIsf¡pdn¨pw bmX\Isf¡pdn¨pw AhcpsS DÕml¯n\pw £abv¡pw klnjvWXbv¡pw thïnbpÅ Dt±i§fpw t{]mÕml\§fpw I¯nð DZvt_m[n¸n¡póp. AhnizmknIfpambn CS]gIpóXns\Xnsc At±lw sImcn´yÀ¡v Pm{KX \ðIpóp. sImcn´nð Xsâ kðt¸cv \in¸n¡m³ {ian¨ hymP {]hÀ¯IcpsS \nµyamb Btcm]W§fnð \nópw ]utemkv Xtóbpw kl{]hÀ¯Itcbpw \ymboIcn¡póp.

KemXy teJ\w:
KemXybnepw {^pKybnepw DÅ \nch[n BZyIme ss{IkvXh kaql§Ä¡v ]utemkv At¸mkvXe³ FgpXnb teJ\amWv KemXy teJ\w. At¸mkvXenI bpK¯nse hnPmXob {InkvXym\nItfbpw tamssiI \ymb{]amWt¯bpw Ipdn¨pÅ XÀ¡¯nemWv ]utemkv {][m\ambpw {i²n¡póXv. {InkvXphnsâ shfns¸Sp¯ensâ shfn¨¯nð \ymb{]amW¯nsâ ]¦v kµÀt`mNnXam¡n hnPmXob KemXyÀ tamssiI \ymb{]amW¯nsâ, {]tXyIn¨v aX]camb ]pcpj ]cntÑZ\bpsS ASnØm\§Ä ]ment¡ï Bhiyansñóv ]utemkv hmZn¡póp. KemXyÀ¡pÅ teJ\w {InkvXpaX¯nsâ Ncn{Xw, {InkvXy³ ssZhimkv{X¯nsâ hnImkw, At¸mkvXe\mb ]utemknsâ ]T\w Fónhbnð hfscb[nIw kzm[o\w sNep¯nbn«pïv. \ymb{]amW {]hÀ¯nIfnñmsX hnizmk¯mepÅ \oXoIcW¯nsâ al¯mb kphntij kn²m´w Duón¸dbm\pw ]cn]men¡m\pw, AXns\¡pdn¨v AhcpsS a\Ênð DïmIm³ km²yXbpÅ Nne _p²nap«pIÄ Hgnhm¡m\pw At±lw kzbw kÖ\mIpóp. Cu kp{][m\ kn²m´w Øm]n¨tijw, {InkvXp Ahsc kzX{´cm¡nb kzmX{´y¯nð Dd¨p\nð¡m\pw, Cu kzmX{´ys¯ Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿póXns\Xnsc apódnbn¸v \ðIm\pw AhÀ¡v Bhiyamb \nch[n D]tZi§fpw \nÀt±i§fpw \ðIpóp. sXÁmbn ]Tn¸n¡póhsc¡pdn¨pw AhÀ¡p e`n¡pó in£sb¡pdn¨pw \ymbamb hnhcWw \ðIn teJ\w Ahkm\n¸n¡póp.

Ft^ky teJ\w:
]Snªmd³ Gjyssa\dnse (Ct¸mgs¯ XpÀ¡n) GÁhpw {][m\s¸« \Kcambncpóp Fs^tkmkv. "{InkvXym\nItf ]ckv]cw H¯ptNcpI' FóXmWv Ft^ky teJ\¯nsâ apJyamb {]tabw. ]mc¼cya\pkcn¨v tdmanse Imc{Kl¯nð Bbncpót¸mgmWv Cu I¯v FgpXnbXv Fóv A\pam\n¡s¸Spóp. ssZh¯nsâ imizX e£y¯ntâbpw Ir]bptSbpw AfhpIÄ \ómbn a\knem¡póXn\pw ssZh¯nsâ IcpWIsf hneaXn¡póXn\pw, hmb\¡mcpsS Nn´m N{Ihmf§sf hnIkn¸n¡pI Fó Dt±it¯msSbmWv hnip² ]utemkv Cu teJ\w FgpXnbn«pÅXv. ss{IkvXh AkvXnXzw tIhew `uXoI Xe¯nð am{Xañ, ssZh¯nsâ he¯p`mK¯v {InkvXphns\ DbÀ¯pó kzÀ¤¯nð\nóv AXnsâ AÀ°hpw {]m[m\yhpw e`n¡póp. "kzÀ¤ob taJeIÄ' Fó BhÀ¯\§fnð \nópw Cu Bibw shfnhm¡s¸Spóp. hnizmknbpsS {]mtbmKnI ssZ\wZn\ PohnXw ssZh¯nsâ Dt±iy§Ä¡mbn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯Ww. {InkvXphnsâ t\XrXz¯nepÅ k`bpsS sFIyw {InkvXphn\p IognepÅ, "kzÀ¤¯nepw `qanbnepapÅ Fñmw' sFIys¸SpóXns\ ap³Iq«n ImWn¡póp.

^nen¸nb teJ\w:
]cnip²\mb ]utemkv At¸mkvXesâ teJ\§sf hnhn[§fmbn Xcw Xncn¡pt¼mÄ ^nen¸nb teJ\w DÄs¸SpóXv Xsâ Imcm{Kl teJ\§fpsS hn`mK¯nemWv. ]utemknsâ Imcm{Kl teJ\§Ä \mse®amWv DÅXv. Fs^kyteJ\w, ^nen¸nbteJ\w, sImsemkyteJ\w, ^ntemtams\gpXnb teJ\w. Cu \mep Imcm{KlteJ\§fnÄ BZys¯ aqsó®w aqóv k`mIq«mbvaIÄs¡gpXnbXpw \memat¯Xv Hcp hyàns¡gpXnbXpamWv. ]utemkv At¸mkvXesâ aÁp teJ\§fpw ^nen¸nbÀs¡gpXnb teJ\hpw XmcXays¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ Cu teJ\w XcXtay\ IqSpXð lrZyamb teJ\amsWóp \ap¡p a\ÊnemIpw. Xsâ hyànKX PohnX¯nse [mcmfw A\p`h§Ä Cu teJ\¯nð DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. aÁp k`ItfmSpw kaql§tfmSpw kwhZn¡póXnt\¡mÄ IqSpXð lrZyambn At¸mkvXe³ Cu teJ\¯nð a\Êp Xpd¡póp. Npcp¡n¸dªmð, ]utemkv At¸mkvXe³ ^nen¸nb teJ\w FgpXnbncn¡póXv lrZb¯nsâ `mjbnemWv. hmbn¡póhÀ¡v B lrZyX A\p`hs¸SpIbpw sN¿pw.

^nen¸nb k`tbmSv ]utemkv At¸mkvXe\v At`Zyamb Hcp Bß_Ôw Dïmbncpóp. At¸mkvXe³ Øm]n¨n«pÅ k`IÄ At\Iapïmbncpóp. Fómð Xsâ B]¯pIfnepw Bhiy§fnepw D]Icn¡s¸«ncpóXv ^nen¸nb k`bmbncpóp. At¸mkvXesâ `mjbnð Xsó ]dªmð Iq«mbvabpsS hess¦ \o«phm³ kó²ambXv ^nen¸nb k`bmbncpóp. "F¦nepw Fs³d IãXbnð \n§Ä Iq«mbva ImWn¨Xp \ómbn. ^nen¸nbtc, kphntijtLmjW¯ns³d Bcw`¯nð Rm³ as¡tZm\ybnð \nóp ]pds¸«msd \n§Ä am{XañmsX Hcp k`bpw hchp Nnehp Imcy¯nð FtómSp Iq«mbva ImWn¨nñ Fóp \n§fpw Adnbpóp. sXÊsem\oIybnepw Fs³d _p²nap«p XoÀ¸m³ \n§Ä Hópcïp h«w Ab¨p Xóphtñm. Rm³ Zm\w B{Kln¡póp Fóñ, \n§fpsS IW¡nte¡p Gdpó ^ew At{X B{Kln¡póXp.' (^nen¸nbÀ 4:14þ17) "Fs³d {]nbcpw hmônXcpamb ktlmZcòmtc, Fs³d kt´mjhpw IncoShpambptÅmtc' FómWv ^nen¸nb k`sb At¸mkvXe³ A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿póXv.

sImtemky teJ\w:
ehtZmIybnð \nópw sldmt¸mfoknð \nópw hfsc AIe¯ñmsX ØnXn sNbvXncpó sImtemky {^pKybnse Hcp {][m\ \Kcambncpóp. CXv Ct¸mÄ Ahinã§fnð Ipgn¨nSs¸«ncn¡póp. AXnsâ HmÀ½IÄ Cu teJ\¯nð {][m\ambpw kwc£n¡s¸Spóp. BNmc]camb \nbaw ]ment¡ïXnsâ BhiyIX AaÀ¯n¸nSn¨ blqZ Xo£vWXbpÅhcpsS A]ISs¯¡pdn¨v AhÀ¡v apódnbn¸v \ðIpI FóXmWv sImtemky teJ\¯nsâ cq]Ið¸\. hnPmXob X¯zNn´sb {InkvXob X¯z§fpambn Iq«nt¨À¡póXns\Xnsc Ahsc iàns¸Sp¯póp. sImtekycpsS ØncXbnepw DÕml¯nepw teJI\mb ]utemkv henb kwXr]vXn {]ISn¸n¡pIbpw ØntcmÕml\¯n\v Ahsc t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw Blzm\w sN¿pIbpw sN¿póp. tdmanð XShpImc\mbncns¡ Ft^kyÀ¡pw ^nen¸nbÀ¡pw FgpXnb AtX Øe¯pw AtX Imebfhnepw BWv Cu teJ\hpw FgpXnbXv Fóv A\pam\n¡s¸Spóp. Xsâ XShnð hnip² ]utemkv \njv{Inb\mbncpónñ. ssZhhN\w _Ôn¡s¸«ncpónñ.

Cu teJ\w FgpXnbXv Xm³ tdmam¡mÀ¡v FgpXnbXpt]mse, Xm³ Hcn¡epw Iïn«nñm¯, hyàn]cambn ]cnNbanñm¯ Hcp k`bv¡pw kaql¯n\pw thïn Bbncpóp. sImtemkybnð k` Øm]n¨Xv ]utemkv Bbncpónñ, adn¨v, hnPmXnbÀ¡nSbnð kphntijw {]kwKn¡m³ ]utemkv \ntbmKn¨ F¸{^mknsâ ip{iqjbmembncpóp. Fóncpómepw sImtemkybnð, aÁp k`IÄ¡nSbnð {]ikvXhpw ]kn²hpamb, Xg¨phfÀó Hcp k` Dïmbncpóp. Xm³ \«phfÀ¯nbXsñ¦nepw hnip² ]utemkv aÁp k`Isf AhKWn¨ncpónñ, Xsâ teJ\§Ä FgpXpóXnð bmsXmcp thÀXncnhpw Im«nbncpónñ. F¸{^mknsâ ip{iqjbmð ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸« sImtemkybnse hnizmknIÄ At±l¯n\v {]obs¸«hÀ Bbncpóp. kl{]hÀ¯IÀ¡v _lpam\w \ðIWsaópw {]hÀ¯nbnð \nkzmÀ°cmbncn¡Wsaópw hnizmknIÄ X½nð thÀXncnhpw AkaXzhpw Im«cpsXópw hnip² ]utemkv CXnð IqSn \ap¡v amXrI ImWn¨pXcpóp.

sXktem\n¡y teJ\§Ä:
sXktem\n¡y ]ïv amkntUmWnbmbnse Hcp {][m\ hmWnPy \Kcambncpóp. Gjybnse {]hniyIfnte¡v t]mIm\pÅ cq]Ið¸\bnð\nóv hyXnNen¨v At¸mkvXe\mb ]utemkv amkntUmWnbmbnð kphntijw {]kwKn¡m³ Akm[mcWamb coXnbnð \nÀt±in¡s¸«p. ssZh¯nsâ hnfn¡v A\pkcWt¯msS At±lw t]mbn. t{Xmhmbnð\nóv ktamt{Xjybnte¡pw AhnsS\nóv t\t¸mfnknte¡pw ]nsó ^nen¸nbnte¡pw t]mbn, ip{iqjbnð \ñ hnPbw t\Sn. bm{Xbnepw A²zm\¯nepw ITn\amb D]{Zh§Ä t\cn«p, HSphnð ]utemkpw ioemkpw Imcm{Kl¯nð ASbv¡s¸«p. AXnð \nóv AÛpXIcambn tamNn¸n¡s¸SpIbpw ktlmZcòmsc Bizkn¸n¨v bm{XbmIpIbpw sNbvXp. Bw^nt]mfnkneqsSbpw As¸mtfmWnbmbneqsSbpw sXktem\n¡ymbnð F¯n, AhnsS hnizmknIfmb sblqZòmcpw aX]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvX hnPmXnbcpw AS§pó Hcp k` At¸mkvXe³ Øm]n¨p.

sXktem\n¡ybnse {InkvXp k`bv¡v FgpXnb Hómw teJ\w ]utemknsâ Fñm teJ\§fptSbpw BZyt¯XmsWóv IcpXs¸Spóp At¸mkvtXmesâ {]kwKw AhÀ¡nSbnð t\Snb \ñ hnPb¯n\v \µn {]ISn¸n¡pI, Ahsc hnizmk¯nð Øm]n¡pI, hnip² kw`mjW¯nte¡v Ahsc t{]cn¸n¡pI FónhbmWv Cu teJ\¯nsâ Dt±iyw.

Xsâ Hómas¯ teJ\w aqeapïmb sXÁn²mcWIÄ Xncp¯póXn\pthïn Imehnfw_anñmsX FgpXnb teJ\amWv sXÊtem\nbÀ¡pÅ cïmw teJ\w. IÀ¯mhnsâ cïmw hchns\¡pdn¨v DÅXmbncpóp Cu sXÁn²mcW. IÀ¯mhv DS³Xsó Xncn¨phcpsaómWv AhÀ sXÁmbn a\knem¡nbXv. ]gb\nba¯nse {]hmNIòmcpsS `mjmt`Zt¯mSv tbmPn¡pó At±l¯nsâ BhnjvImc§fnð NneXv sXÁmb coXnbnð D]tbmKn¡póXv XSbphm³ At¸mkvtXme³ {i²mephmbn. IÀ¯mhnsâ cïmw hchn\p ap¼pïmtIï, s]mXphmb hnizmkXymKw [General Apostacy] , FXnÀ{InkvXphnsâ hchv [Revelation of AntiChrist] Fóo cïp kp{][m\ Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v Ahsc Pm{KXs¸Sp¯n. IqSmsX, Iã¸mSpIÄ¡p IognepÅ AhcpsS Bizmks¯¡pdn¨pw ISaIfpsS DZvt_m[\s¯bpw amÀ¤ZÀi\t¯bpw Ipdn¨v Ahsc HmÀ½s¸Sp¯póp.

XnsamsYsbmkns\gpXnb teJ\§Ä:
CXphscbpÅ ]utemknsâ teJ\§Ä k`IÄ¡mbncpópsh¦nð C\nbpÅXv hyànIÄ¡mWv. Xntam¯nbpw Xot¯mkpw kphntijIòmcmbncpóp. kphntijIsc anj\dn thebv¡v kÖam¡pI Fó Dt±it¯msS FgpXnb Cu teJ\§Ä ]mkvÁdð teJ\§fmWv. "Ah³ Nnesc As¸mkvXeòmcmbpw Nnesc {]hmNIòmcmbpw Nnesc kphntijIòmcmbpw Nnesc CSbòmcmbpw D]tZãm¡òmcpbpw \nban¨ncn¡póp;' (Fs^kyÀ 4:11) kphntijIòmcpsS \ntbmKhpw tPmenbp At¸mkvtXmeòmcpsS t]mseXsó Bbncpóp; k`IÄ Øm]n¡pI, Ahsc ]cn]men¨p hfÀ¯pI. Xntam¯n Fóp Npcp¡n ]dbpó XntamsYtbmkv ]utemknsâ kl bm{XnI\mbncpóp. XntamsYtbmkns\ sZÀºbnepw epkv{Xbnepw sh¨v BZyw ]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvXXv ]utemkv Bbncpóp: AXn\mð hnizmk¯nð Ahs\ kz´ ]p{X³ Fóp hnfn¡póp. hnizmknbmb Hcp sblqZkv{XobpsS aI\mbncpóp XnsamsYsbmkv. A¸³ bh\\mbncpóp. epkv{Xbnepw Ct¡m\ybnepapÅ ktlmZcòmcnð \ñ km£yw sImï hnizkvX³ Bbncpóp. Ahs³d A¸³ bh\³ Fóp AhnS§fnepÅ sblqZòmÀ Fñmhcpw AdnªncpóXn\mð Ahsc hnNmcn¨p Ahs\ ]cntÑZ\ Ign¸n¨p. [Acts 16:3]

Fs^tkmknse Hcp kphntijIs\ó \nebnð Xsâ ISa F§s\ \nÀÆln¡msaóv XnsamsYtbmknt\mSv \nÀt±in¡pI FóXmWv Cu cïp teJ\§fptSbpw hym]vXn. AhnsS At±lw Bcw`n¨ \ñ {]hÀ¯nIÄ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡m³ Ipd¨pImew IqSn AhnsS Xmakn¡m³ ]utemkv At±lt¯mSv Bhiys¸Spóp. tdmanð XShpImc\mbn Poh³ A]IS¯nembncn¡pt¼mgmWv ]utemkv Xntam¯n¡v cïmas¯ teJ\w FgpXnbXv. Xsâ PohnXw Ahkm\n¡m³ kabambncn¡póp Fó Bi¦ hnip² ]utemkv {]ISn¸n¡póp. Hcp]s£ CXv ]utemkv Ahkm\w FgpXnb teJ\w Bbncn¡msaóv IcpXs¸Spóp. BapJ¯n\ptijw XnsamsYtbmknt\mSpÅ BßmÀ°amb kvt\lw {]ISn¸n¡pIbpw hnhn[§fmb D]tZi§Ä \ðIpIbpw sN¿póp. XnsamsYtbmknsâ hnizmk¯n\pw hnip²n¡pw ]utemkv ssZht¯mSv \µn ]dbpóp; Xsâ {]mÀ°\bnð At±ls¯ kvacn¡póp.

Xot¯mkns\gpXnb teJ\w:
{InkvXpaX¯nte¡v hnip² ]utemkv ]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvX Hcp {Ko¡v hnPmXnb\mbncpóp Xot¯mkv; {]Xy£¯nð At´ymIybnð \nópÅ Bfmbncpóp At±lw. BZyIme§fnð {Ko¡p X¯zNn´bpw IhnXbpw ]Tn¨Xmbn IcpXs¸Spóp. hnip² ]utemknsâ sk{I«dn Bbpw hymJymXmhmbpw tkh\a\pjvTn¨p. tamssiI BNmc§fpsS hnjb¯nð sPdpiteanð \Só BZy Iu¬knenð kw_Ôn¡m³ At±lw ]utemknt\msSm¸w t]mbncpóp. Xsâ ip{iqj blqZòmÀ¡nSbnð kzoImcyam¡póXn\mbn ]utemkv XnsamsYtbmknsâ ]cntÑZ\bv¡v k½Xn¨ncpsó¦nepw Xot¯mknsâ Imcy¯nð AXv A\phZn¨nñ. Hómw sImcn´ymteJ\w FgpXnbtijw ]utemkv sImcn´nte¡pÅ thZ\mP\Iamb Xsâ cïmas¯ kµÀi\w \S¯n. CXpapeapïmb hogvNbv¡v ]cnlmcambn cïmw sImcn´yteJ\hpw sImSp¯v Xot¯mkns\ Fs^tkmknð \nóv tImcn´nte¡v Ab¨p. tdmanse BZys¯ Pbnð hmk¯nð\nóv tamNnX\mb ]utemkv {]kwKn¡m\mbn t{I¯ Zzo]nð [Crete Island] Xmakn¨pshóv BZyIme ]mc¼cy§fnð ]dbpóp. t{I¯ Zzo]nse _nj¸mbn Xot¯mkns\ Ahtcm[n¨p. ]nóoSv Xot¯mkv t{I¯bnse Fñm \Kc¯nepw aq¸òmsc [Presbyters] \nban¡pIbpw, AhnsS hmÀ²Iy¯nð XpScpIbpw sNbvXp.

Xot¯mkns\gpXnb teJ\w Xot¯mkns\ A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿pIbpw aq¸òmcptSbpw sa{XmòmcptSbpw BhiyIXIfpw ISaIfpw hnhcn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. blqZ {InkvXym\nIfnð Nnesc hymP D]tZãm¡òmcmbn ]utemkv Xncn¨dnbpóp. hnaXcpw, \nbaw ]Tn¸n¡pópshóv AhImis¸Spó iq\yambn kwkmcn¡póhcpw, hnizkvXsc hgnsXÁn¡pó hôIcpw, hyÀ°ambn kwkmcn¡póhcpw, `àn¡pw `b¯n\pw Hópw kw`mh\ sN¿m¯ \nÊmcamb D]tZi§Ä \ðIpóhcpamb hymP D]tZjvTIòmsc kq£n¨psIÅphm³ hnip² ]utemkv Xot¯mkns\ D]tZin¡póp.

^ntemtam\v FgpXnb teJ\w:
{^pKybnse Hcp \Kcamb sImtemky k`bnse Hcp ip{ipI\pw ]utemknsâ kl{]hÀ¯I\pw, [\nI\pw, kaql¯nse Hcp ]uc{]apJ\pamb ^ntemtam\v Ht\kntamkv Fó Hcp ASna Zmk³ Dïmbncpóp. At±lw Xsâ bPam\sâ k½XanñmsX HmSnt¸mbn, tdmanð F¯nt¨Àóp. ]utemknsâ {]kwKw {ihn¨ Ht\kntamkv ssZhm\p{Kl¯mð tbip{InkvXphnð hnizkn¨v aX ]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp. kphntij¯nsâ XShpImc\mbncpó ]utemkv At¸mkvtXmes\ _Ô\§fnð Ipd¨pImew Ht\kntamkv ip{ipjn¨p. At±lw Hcp ASnabmsWó Imcyw ]utemkv BZyw Adnªncpónñ. Fómð At±lw asÁmcmfpsS Zmk\msWóv Adnª DS³ Xsó DSabpsS k½XanñmsX XSªpshbv¡msX Cu It¯mSpIqSn At±ls¯ Xsâ bPam\\mb ^ntemtamsâ ASpt¯¡v aS¡n Ab¡póp. bPam\sâ k½XanñmsX XSªpsh¨Xn\v £a tNmZn¨pw At±l¯nsâ IS§Ä Xm³ kzbw ho«ns¡mÅmsaóv k½Xn¨pw hfsc A`n\µ\mÀlamb coXnbnemWv hnip² ]utemkv Ht\kntamkns\ aS¡n Ab¡póXv.

F{_mbÀs¡gpXnb teJ\w:
thZimkv{XÚòmcpsS CSbnð XÀ¡apsï¦nepw F{_mb teJ\w ]utemkntâXmsWómWv ]c¼cmKXambn hnizkn¨p t]mcpóXv. k¦oÀ®amb Hcp ]pXnb\nba {KÙw Fóp hntijn¡s¸Spó Cu cN\ Hcp amkvÁÀ]okv Fó JymXn t\Sn. sPdpkteanð Xmakn¨ncpó blqZ {InkvXym\nIÄ¡pthïnbmWv CXv FgpXnbXv Fóv IcpXs¸Spóp. Imcy¯nsâ ZnhyXzw, ssienbpsS BVw`cw, cq]Ið¸\bpsS anIhv, thZ{KÙ¯nsâ aÁp `mK§fpambpÅ sFIyw, Fñm ImeL«¯nepw ssZhk`bnð AXnsâ s]mXp kzoIcWw apXembh F{_mb teJ\¯nsâ Znhy A[nImc¯nsâ sXfnhpIfmWv. {InkvXob hnizmkt¯mSv \nc´cw ]Án\nð¡m³ hnizmknIfmb F{_mbsc t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw AXnð Dd¨p\nð¡pIbpw sN¿pI FóXmbncpóp Cu teJ\¯nsâ cq]Ið¸\.

A¡me¯v Nne hnizmknIÄ {IkvXphns\ X§fpsS c£I\mbn kzoIcn¨Xnsâ t]cnepÅ ]oV\§fnð \nóv c£s¸Sm\mbn blqZ aX¯nte¡v XncnbpóXns\¡pdn¨v BtemNn¨ncpóp. AXpsImïv ]oV\s¯ t\cnSm³ {InkvXym\nIsf DZvt_m[n¸n¡pI FóXmbncpóp teJ\¯nsâ Hcp Dt±iyw. {InkvXphnsâ hyànbpsS D]tZihpw ssZhhpw a\pjycpw X½nepÅ a²yØs\ó \nebnepÅ ]¦pamWv teJ\¯nsâ {]tabw.

hnip² bmt¡m_pw bmt¡m_nsâ teJ\hpw:
bmt¡m_nsâ teJ\¯nsâ cNbnXmhv sk_ZnbpsS aI³ bmt¡m_mbncpónñ, adn¨v tbiphnsâ IpSpw_ ktlmZc³ Að^mbnbpsS aI\mb, ]{´ïv At¸mkvtXmeòmcnð Hcph\mb \oXnam\mb sNdnb amÀ bmt¡m_v Bbncpóp. DbnÀs¯gptóÁ {InkvXp kzbw ImWn¨ hyànIfnð HcmfmWv bmt¡m_v. At¸mktXmenI bpK¯nse Pdpitew k`bpsS BZyIme t\Xmhmbncpóp hnip² bmt¡m_v. bmt¡m_nsâ hninãamb kðKpW§fmð BWv At±ls¯ \oXnam³ Fóp hnfn¨ncpóXv [James the Just] . Pdpitew k`bpsS F¸nkvtIm¸ð knwlmk\¯nte¡v XncªSp¡s¸« BZys¯ sa{Xmt¸meo¯ Bbncpóp bmt¡m_v. Ahtijn¡pó GÁhpw ]g¡apÅXpw Cópw B[nIcnIhpw Bb Bcm[\m{Iaw [Liturgical Thaksa] bmt¡m_ntâsXóv hntijn¡s¸Spóp. BZyIme {InkvXy³ kaqlambncpó Pdpitew k`bnð bmt¡m_pw ]s{Xmkpw t\Xm¡fmbncpóp. ]utemkn\v Cu k`bpambn _Ôapïmbncpóp. sltcmZmhv A{Kn¸mbpsS h[{ia¯n\ptijw ]s{Xmkv sPdpitew hn«pt]mb Imew apXð AhnSs¯ {][m\ A[nImcnbmbn bmt¡m_v Ahtcm[n¡s¸«p. ]utemknsâ teJ\§fnepw bmt¡m_ns\ Hcp {][m\ XqWmbn«mWv hntijn¸n¨n«pÅXv. aÀt¡mknsâ kphntij¯nð Cfb bmt¡m_ntâbpw tbmk^nsâ A½bpw Bb adnbsb ]cmaÀin¡pópïv. AXpsImïv bmt¡m_nsâ A½ ¢nsbm^kv adnb BsWóv hnizkn¨pt]mcpóp.

Pcpiteanse hnizmknIÄ¡mbn Xm³ kzcq]n¨ klmb[\w ssIamdm³ ]utemkv ssIkcybnse Nne injyòmcpsam¯v Pcpiteanð F¯pt¼mÄ bmt¡m_ns\ kµÀin¨p. Ips{]mkvImc\mb av\mtkm³ Fó Hcp ]gb injyt\mSp IqsS AXnYnIfmbn Bbncpóp Xmakw. sbcqiteanse ktlmZcòmÀ kt´mjt¯msS Ahsc ssIs¡mïp. ip{iqjIcmb aq¸òmÀ At±ls¯ kvt\ln¡pIbpw, _lpam\n¡bpw, Ah³ sNbvX Imcy§Ä AwKoIcn¡bpw, ktlmZc³ Fóv hnfn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]nsäóp s]utemkpw Iq«cpw bmt¡m_ns³d ASp¡ð t]mbn; aq¸òmcpw Fñmw AhnsS hóp IqSn.

bmt¡m_v Ahsc hµ\w sNbvXp ssZhw PmXnIfpsS CSbnð sN¿n¨ Xs³d ip{iqjIÄ tI«p ssZhs¯ alXzs¸Sp¯n. ]nsó bmt¡m_v kuay\mbn ]utemknt\mSv ]dªXp: "ktlmZcm, sblqZòmcpsS CSbnð hnizkn¨ncn¡póhÀ At\I Bbnc§Ä Dïp Fóp \n\¡v Adnbmasñm; AhÀ Fñmhcpw \ymb{]amWXev]còmcpw \nba¯nepw BNmc§fnepw Xo£vWX DÅhcpw BIpóp. a¡sf ]cntÑZ\ sN¿cpXp Fópw \o PmXnIfpsS CSbnepÅ kIe sblqZòmtcmSpw ]dªp tamisb Dt]£n¨p Ifhm³ D]tZin¡póp Fóp AhÀ \nsó¡pdn¨p sXÁn [cn¨ncn¡póp. \o hón«pïp Fóp P\§Ä Adnbpw \nÝbw.' ]utemknsâ D]tZis¯ IrXyambn thÀXncn¨dnbm³ AhÀ¡p Ignªnñ AXn\mð AÚXbneqsS AhÀ AXns\ sam¯¯nð A]e]n¨p. Cu Imcy¯nð AhÀ {]tIm]nXcmbn¡póXpsImïv, Xsâ hnizmkw sXfnbn¡m\pw, sltdmZnsâ sblqZm tZhmeb¯nð ]ckyambn BNmc]cambn kzbw ip²oIcn¡m\pw blqZ \nbaamb tXmdbv¡v hntcm[ambn adp¯p {]hÀ¯n¡póp Fó A`yqlw \ntj[n¡m\pw, BNmc]camb blqZ \nba§Ä ]men¡póXneqsS hnizmknIsf Xr]vXns¸Sp¯m\pw bmt¡m_v ]utemknt\mSv \nÀt±in¡póp; "Fómð \nsós¡mïp tI«Xp DÅXñ Fópw, \obpw \ymb{]amWs¯ BNcn¨p {Iaambn \S¡póh³ Fópw Fñmhcpw Adnbpw.' BNmc]camb \nbaw hnPmXnb aX]cnhÀ¯IcpsStað Hcp Xc¯nepw ASnt¨ð¸n¡s¸Snñ¦nepw, Xm³ {]kwKn¨ aXw \nbaw \in¸n¡m\ñ, \ndthÁm\mWv Fóv Ahsc a\knem¡phm\mbn \ymb{]amW¯nð Xo£vWXbpÅ Cu blqZòmcpsS a\im´n¡mbn, bmt¡m_nsâ D]tZi{]Imcw, s]utemkv ]pcpjòmsc Iq«ns¡mïp ]nsäómÄ AhtcmSpIqsS Xsó ip²n hcp¯n ssZhmeb¯nð sNóp; Ahcnð Hmtcmcp¯óp thïn hgn]mSp Ign¸m\pÅ ip²oIcWImew XnIªp Fóp t_m[n¸n¨p.

Pcpiteanse k`mt\Xm¡Ä ]cntÑZ\tbÁ ip{iqjIÀ BsWópw, Fómð ]utemkpw Iq«cpw A{KNÀ½nIfmb s]mXp hnPmXnbcpsS CSbnð ip{iqj sN¿póXn\mð, c£bv¡mbn hnPmXob {InkvXym\nIsf ]cntÑZ\ sNt¿ïXptïm Fó Imcy¯nð At´ymJy kaqlw Bi¦mIpecmbncpóp. ]utemknt\bpw _Àó_mknt\bpw Pcpitew k`bpambn NÀ¨ sN¿m³ Ab¨p. Pdpitew Iu¬knenð A²y£X hln¨Xv bmt¡m_mbncpóp. ]s{Xmkv, ]utemkv, _Àó_mkv FónhÀ¡ptijw Ahkm\ambn kwkmcn¨ hyàn bmt¡m_mbncpóp. bmt¡m_v Fñmhtcbpw ]n´pW¡pIbpw AhcpsS A`n{]mbt¯mSv tbmPn¨v A²y£³ Fó \nebnð A´y Xocpam\w {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX càmÀ¸nXw `£n¡póXpw hn{Kl§Ä¡pw ]ckwK¯n\pw _enbÀ¸n¡póXn\pw hne¡v \nÀt±in¨p. CXv Iu¬knensâ hn[nbmbn¯oÀóp. Fñm At¸mkvtXmeòmcpw aq¸òmcpw k½Xn¡pIbpw aÁv k`IÄ¡v I¯pIÄ Ab¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Pcpitew Iu¬knenð bmt¡m_v \S¯nb {]kwKw At±l¯nsâ Xncpshgp¯nepÅ B{ibw, k`bv¡pÅnse kam[m\¯n\pÅ B{Klw, hnPmXob hnizmknItfmSpÅ IcpXð apXembh {]ISam¡póp. aÁpÅhcpsS tað AaÀ¯n¸nSn¡pó Ir]IfpsS D¯a DZmlcWambncpóp hnip² bmt¡m_v At¸mkvtXme³. \oXn, kz`mhw, `àn apXembhbnð k`bnð At±ls¯ hfscb[nIw _lpam\n¨ncpóp. Pcpiteanð {]kwKn¡pt¼mÄ bmt¡m_ns\ blqZòmÀ Isñdnªp sImóp Fóv ]mc¼cyw hnizkn¡póp.

GsX¦nepw {]tXyI hyànIÄt¡m k`bvt¡m FgpXs¸«Xv Añm¯ Hcp Nm{Inb teJ\ambXpsImïv Chsb s]mXp teJ\§Ä [Catholic Epistles] Fóp hnfn¡póp. {Iqinsâ Iognð F§s\ kzbw s]cpamdWsaóv bmt¡m_nsâ teJ\w ]Tn¸n¡póp. \nch[n Ir]Ifpw NpaXeIfpw ip]mÀi sN¿póp; ]co£W§fpw Iã¸mSpIfpw kln¡póhÀ `mKyhmòmÀ Fóv {]Jym]n¡s¸SpIbpw al¯mb {]Xn^ew Dd¸p \ðIpIbpw sN¿póp. ssZhhN\w \½psS apJy ]mTam¡n amÁWw. \½Ä tI«Xpw AdnIbpw sN¿pó Imcy§Ä {]mhÀ¯nIam¡Ww. Añm¯]£w \½psS hnizmkhpw aXhpw sXfnbn¡póXv hyÀ°amb ImcyamWv. hnizmkw t]mse Xsó {]m[m\yapÅXmWv {]hÀ¯nbpw. hnizmkw Cñm¯ {]hÀ¯nbpw {]hÀ¯n Cñm¯ hnizmkhpw AÀ°iq\yamsWóXmWv bmt¡m_p teJ\¯nsâ kmcmwiw.

hnip² ]t{Xmkpw ]t{Xmknsâ teJ\§fpw:
tbm\mbpsS ]p{X\pw At¸mkvtXme\mb A{´tbmknsâ ktlmZc\pw Bb iotam³ ]t{Xmkv sKóksc¯v XSmI¯nse s_ZvskbvZm ]«W¯nse Hcp blqZ ap¡ph aÕys¯mgnemfn Bbncpóp. At¸mkvtXme\mb ^nent¸mkpw CtX ]«W¯nð \nópw Bbncpóp. tbiphns\ Nqïn¡mWn¨v "CXm, ssZh¯ns³d IpªmSp' Fó tbmlóm³ kv\m]Isâ km£yw tI« A{´tbmkv, iotamt\mSv R§Ä aiolsb Fóp sh¨mð {InkvXpsh Isï¯nbncn¡póp Fóp ]dªp. tbip Któksc¯v XSmI¯nð iotamsâ ]SInð Ibdn\nóv, ssZhhN\w tIÄt¡ïXnóp Ahs\ Xn¡ns¡mïncpó ]pcpjmct¯mSv kphntijw {]kwKn¨p XoÀót¸mÄ Ah³ iotamt\mSp: Bg¯nte¡p \o¡n ao³]nSn¯¯nóp he Cd¡phn³ Fóp ]dªp. AhÀ tbiphns\ A\pkcn¨v Ahsâ hm¡n\v hebnd¡n; s]cp¯ ao³Iq«w AIs¸«p he Iodmdmbn. cm{Xn apgph\pw A²zm\n¨n«pw Hópw In«mXncqó AhÀ `bNInXcmbn. tbip iotamt\mSp: `bs¸tSïm, Cóp apXð \o a\pjysc ]nSn¡póh³ BIpw Fóp ]dªp. AhÀ ]SIpIsf Isc¡p ASp¸n¨n«p kIehpw hn«p Ahs\ A\pKan¨p. A{]Imcw tbiphnsâ BZy injy\mbn¯oÀó iotam³ ]t{Xmkv, injyKW¯nð {]Ya\pw tbiphnsâ ]ckyip{iqjbnð Fñm kw`h§Ä¡pw km£nbpw ]¦mfnbpw IÀ¯mhnsâ {]tXyI ]cnKW\ e`n¨ncpó Bfpw Bbncpóp.

tbip iotams\ ]md FóÀ°apÅ tI^m Fó adpt]À hnfn¨p. ]s{Xmtk \o ]mdbmIpóp; Cu ]mdtað Rm³ Fsâ k`sb ]Wnbpw Fóv IÀ¯mhv {]Jym]\w sNbvXp. aqóp kam\ kphntij§fpw, ITn\ Pzcw ]nSn¨ncpó ]t{Xmknsâ A½mbnA½sb I^Àólqanð kpJs¸Sp¯nb Imcyw hnhcn¡póp. Fñm At¸mkvtXmeòmcptSbpw hàmhmbn BWv ]t{Xmkns\ Fñm kphntij§fnepw Nn{XoIcn¨ncn¡póXv. tbip shůn\p apIfnð \Sót¸mÄ ]t{Xmkpw Hcp \nanjw A{]Imcw sN¿phm³ {ian¨psh¦nepw hnizmk¡pdhv aqew ap§phm³ XpS§n. tbiphnsâ cq]m´oIcWw, bmbntdmknsâ aIsf DbÀ¸n¡ð, sKXvskta\ ]qt´m«¯nse thZ\ apXemb, aÁp ]e injyòmÀ¡pw Im×m³ `mKyw e`n¡m¯, kw`h§fnð ]t{Xmkv ZrIvkm£n Bbncpóp. adcq] aebnð tamibptSbpw Genbmhntâbpw kmón²y¯nð, "Kptcm, aqóp IpSnepIÄ Dïm¡s«; Hóp \n\¡pw, Hóp tamibv¡pw, asÁmóv Genbmhn\pw' Fóv \njvIf¦ambn \nÀt±in¨Xv ]t{Xmkv Bbncpóp. "\n§Ä Fsó Bscóp ]dbpóp' Fó IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ tNmZy¯n\p ap¼nð, "\o kzÀ¤¯nð \nópw Cd§nhó Poh\pÅ ssZh¯nsâ ainlm BsWó' hnizmk{]amWw ]t{Xmkv GÁp]dbpóp.

]e injyòmcpw hnizmkXymKw sN¿póXpIïv, tbip ]´ncphtcmSv "\n§Ä¡pw ]n´ncnªpt]mIm³ a\Êptïm' Fóp tNmZn¨p. AXn\v iotam³ ]s{Xmkv Aht\mSp: "IÀ¯mth R§Ä BcpsS ASp¡ð t]mIpw? \nXyPohs³d hN\§Ä \ns³d ]¡ð Dïp' Fóp adp]Sn ]dªp. IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp Xsâ s]mXp {]`mjW§Ä ]qÀ¯nbm¡n s]klm A¯mg¯n\pap¼v injyòmcpsS ImepIsf IgpIn. Ah³ iotam³ ]s{Xmkns³d ASp¡ð hót¸mÄ XmgvabptSbpw FfnabptSbpw kqNIambn Xsâ Fñmamb Kpcp Xsâ ]mZw IgpIpóXnð ]s{Xmkv hnk½Xw {]ISn¸n¨p. AXn\p tbip: Rm³ \nsó IgpImªmð \n\¡p FtómSp IqsS ]¦nñ Fóp D¯cw ]dªp. At¸mÄ iotam³ ]s{Xmkv: "IÀ¯mth, Fs³d Imð am{Xañ I¿pw Xebpw IqsS IgptIWta' Fóp At]£n¨v Kpcphn\v hn\bs¸«p. Ahcnð HcmÄ Xsó HÁns¡mSp¡psaóv IÀ¯mhv kqNn¸n¨t¸mÄ, CXp Bsc¡pdn¨p ]dbpóp Fóp injyòmÀ kwibn¨p X½nð X½nð t\m¡n. injyòmcnð sh¨p tbip kvt\ln¨, tbiphns³d amÀÆnS¯p Nmcns¡mïncpó tbmlómt\mSv, ]s{Xmkv BwKyw Im«n, Ah³ ]dªXp Bscs¡mïp Fóp tNmZn¸m³ ]dªp. IÀ¯mth, AXp BÀ Fóp tbmlóm³ tNmZn¨p. Rm³ A¸JÞw ap¡ns¡mSp¡póh³ Xtó Fóp tbip D¯cw ]dªp; JÞw ap¡n sImSp¯Xv iotam³ CukvItcym¯mhns³d aI\mb bqsZ¡p Bbncpóp.

"Ipsd Ignªv AhÀ Xsó ImWpIbnñ' Fóp tbip Xsâ {IqipacWs¯¡pdn¨v km£ys¸Sp¯nbt¸mÄ, iotam³ ]s{Xmkv Aht\mSp: IÀ¯mth, \o FhnsS t]mIpóp Fóp tNmZn¨Xnóp: Rm³ t]mIpó CSt¯¡p \n\¡p Ct¸mÄ Fsó A\pKan¸m³ IgnIbnñ; ]nóoSv \o Fsó A\pKan¡pw Fóp tbip Aht\mSp D¯cw ]dªp. Rm³ Fs³d Pohs\ \n\¡p thïn sh¨pIfbpw Fóp ]s{Xmkv ]dªXn\v, tImgn IqIpwap¼v \o aqóp {]mhiyw Fsó XÅn¸dbpw Fóp D¯cw ]dªp. tbiphns\ AdkvÁpsNbvXt¸mÄ, sKXvskta\ ]qt´m«¯nð hmfpsImïv alm]ptcmlnXsâ Zmk\mb amð¡knsâ sNhn ]t{Xmkv apdn¨pIfªp. tbip Ahsâ sNhnbnð kv]Àin¡pIbpw AÛpXIcambn kpJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. tbiphns\ ]nSn¨tijw hnNmcW¡mbn alm]ptcmlnX\mb I¿^mhnsâ ho«nte¡p sImïpt]mbn. hmXnð¡ð \nóncpó ]s{Xmkv tblómsâ ip]mÀibmð AI¯pIbdn. hmXnð Im¡pó _mey¡mc¯nbpsS ap¼nepw, Xo ImªpsImïncpóhcpsS ap¼nepw, ImXdp¯ aðt¡mknsâ NmÀ¨¡mcsâ ap¼nepw ]s{Xmkv apóp {]mhiyw Kpcphns\ Adnbnñ Fóp XÅn¸dªp. At¸mÄ tImgn IqIn; ]s{Xmkv Kpcphnsâ hm¡v HmÀ¯p, ]pd¯nd§n s\ôps]m«n Icªp.

DbnÀ¸p RbdmgvN shfp¸n\v tbiphnsâ Iñsd¡ð F¯nb aKvZe¡mcn adnb Isñd Xpdóncn¡póXmbn Iïp. AhÄ HmSn ]s{Xmknt\bpw tbmlómt\bpw hnhcw Adnbn¨p. AhÀ Ccphcpw HmSn, Isñdbnð tbiphnsâ icocw s]mXnªncpó ioeIÄ am{Xw Iïp. aqómw Znhkw Xm³ DbÀs¯gpt\ð¡psaóv ]dªncpó hm¡pIÄ HmÀ¯p, IÀ¯mhv ]p\cp²m\w sNbvXp Fóp hnizkn¨p. hnip² ]utemknsâ I¯pIfn³{]Imcw DbÀs¯gpt\Áh\mb {InkvXp BZyw {]Xy£s¸«Xv ]s{Xmkn\mbncpóp. injyòmcnð Ggpt]À Xnsºcymkv ISenð ao³ ]nSn¡pt¼mÄ bmZrÑnIambn IÀ¯mhv {]Xy£s¸«p. B cm{Xn hfsc A²zm\n¨n«pw Hópw In«mXncpó AhÀ \ncmicmbncn¡pt¼mÄ ]SIns³d he¯p `mK¯p he hoiphn³ Fóp Ah³ AhtcmSp ]dªp; AhÀ Ahs\ A\pkcn¨p. ao\ns³d s]cp¸w tlXphmbn \q伯paqóp henb ao³ \ndª AXp hen¸m³ AhÀ¡p Ignªnñ. tbmlóm³ IÀ¯mhns\ Xncn¨dnªp; A§s\ Ahs\ AhÀ¡p shfns¸Sp¯n AhtcmsSm¸w `£Ww Ign¨p. AXn\ptijw tbip iotam³ ]s{Xmknt\mSp: tbmlóms³d aI\mb iotamt\, \o Chcnð A[nIambn Fsó kvt\ln¡pópthm Fóp tNmZn¨p. AXn\p Ah³: DÆp, IÀ¯mth, F\n¡p \ntómSp {]nbapïp Fóp \o Adnbpóphtñm Fóp ]dªp. Fs³d IpªmSpIsf tabv¡ Fóp Ah³ Aht\mSp ]dªp. C{]Imcw aqóp {]hiyw tNmZn¨p. ]s{Xmknsâ ]cn]me\¯n\mbn {InkvXp {]XnÚm_²ambncpóXv Ahsâ B«n³Ip«nIfpw BSpIfpamWv. {InkvXphnsâ k` Ahsâ B«n³Iq«amWv. {InkvXp A§s\ Xsâ thebv¡mbn \nban¨v At¸mkvtXmesâ _lpam\w ØncoIcn¨tijw hcm\ncn¡pó Iã¸mSpIsf¡pdn¨pw càkm£nbpsS _lpam\s¯¡pdn¨pw ]s{Xmkn\v kqN\ \ðIn.

IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ Heohpaebnse kzÀ¤mtcmlW¯n\ptijw Kpcphnsâ \nÀt±im\pkcWw injyKW¯nsâ t\XrØm\w ]t{Xmkv GsÁSp¯p. GItZiw \qäncp]Xp t]À Dïmbncpó BZys¯ {]mÀ°\ Iq«mbvasb A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXv {]kwKn¨Xv ]t{Xmkv Bbncpóp. ]s{Xmkv ktlmZcòmcpsS \Sphnð Fgptóäp \nóp tbiphns\ ]nSn¨hÀ¡p hgnIm«nbmbn¯oÀó bqZbpsS ]X\s¯¡pdn¨v AhtcmSv hniZoIcn¨p. "Ahs³d A²y£Øm\w asämcp¯óp e`n¡s«' Fó k¦poÀ¯\ hmIy{]Imcw bqZ¡v ]Icambn, IÀ¯mhmb tbip tbmlóm\mð kv\m\w kzoIcn¨Xp apXð \s½ hn«p BtcmlWw sNbvX \mÄ hsc \½psS CSbnð kôcn¨p t]mó Imes¯ñmw R§tfmSp IqsS \Só HcmÄ R§tfmSp IqsS Ahs³d ]p\cp°m\¯nóp km£nbmbn¯otcWw Fóp \nÀt±in¨p. A§s\ AhÀ bpkvsXmkv Fóp adpt]cpÅ _Ài_m Fó tbmtk^v, a°nbmkv Fóo cïp t]sc \ndp¯n: Cu Ccphcnð Ghs\ \o XncsªSp¯ncn¡póp Fóp ImWn¨p XtcWta Fóp {]mÀ°n¨p AhcpsS t]À¡p No«n«p; No«v a°nbmknóp hogpIbpw Ahs\ ]Xns\móp As¸mkvXeòmcpsS Iq«¯nð F®pIbpw sNbvXp.

s]s´s¡mkvXp\mfnse henb kwLs¯ \bn¨Xv hnip² ]t{Xmkv Bbncp\p. AhÀ IqSnbncn¡pt¼mÄ sImSnb ImäSn¡póXp t]mse BImi¯p \nóp Hcp apg¡w Dïmbn; AánPzme t]mse ]nfÀóncn¡pó \mhpIÄ AhÀ¡p {]Xy£ambn Ahcnð Hmtcmcp¯s³dtað ]Xnªp. Fñmhcpw ]cnip²mßmhp \ndªhcmbn Bßmhp AhÀ¡p D¨cn¸m³ \ðInbXp t]mse A\y`mjIfnð kwkmcn¨p XpS§n. Fñmhcpw {`an¨p Nôen¨p; CXp F´mbncn¡pw Fóp X½nð X½nð ]dªp. ChÀ ]pXphoªp IpSn¨ncn¡póp Fóp aäp NneÀ ]cnlkn¨p ]dªp. At¸mÄ ]s{Xmkv ]Xns\móp t]tcmSp IqsS \nópsImïp Dds¡ AhtcmSp ]dªXp: sblqZm]pcpjòmcpw sbcqiteanð ]mÀ¡pó FñmhcpambptÅmtc, \n§Ä Duln¡póXp t]mse ChÀ elcn ]nSn¨hcñ; CXp tbmthð {]hmNI³ apJm´cw Acpfns¨bvXXt{X. Bßmhnð \nóp ]IcpóXv ]gb\nba hmKvZm\¯nsâ \nhÀ¯nbmsWóv ]t{Xmkv kaÀ°n¨p. AXv {InkvXphnsâ ainlm FóXnsâ ØncoIcWambncpóp. ]t{Xmkv {]kwKn¨ {]`mjW¯nð BZy^ew DbÀóphóp: ]s{Xmknt\mSpw tijw As¸mkvXeòmtcmSpw: ktlmZcòmcmb ]pcpjòmtc, R§Ä F´p sNt¿ïp Fóp tNmZn¨p. ]s{Xmkv AhtcmSp: \n§Ä am\km´cs¸«p \n§fpsS ]m]§fpsS tamN\¯nómbn Hmtcmcp¯³ tbip{InkvXphns³d \ma¯nð kv\m\w Gev]n³; Fómð ]cnip²mßmhp Fó Zm\w e`n¡pw Fóp ]dªp. Ahs³d hm¡p ssIs¡mïhÀ kv\m\w Gäp; Aóp aqhmbnct¯mfw t]À AhtcmSp tNÀóp.

Hcn¡ð ]s{Xmkpw tbmlóm\pw H¼Xmw aWnt\cw {]mÀ°\mkab¯p ssZhmeb¯nte¡p t]mIpIbmbncpóp. A½bpsS KÀ`w apXð apS´\mb Hcmsf NneÀ NpaópsImïp hóp; Ahs\ ssZhmeb¯nð sNñpóhtcmSp `n£ bmNn¸m³ kpµcw Fó ssZhmebtKm]pc¯n¦ð Zn\{¼Xn Ccp¯pambncpóp. Ah³ ]s{Xmkpw tbmlóm\pw ssZhmeb¯nð IS¸m³ t]mIpóXp Iïn«p `n£ tNmZn¨p. ]s{Xmkv tbmlómt\mSpIqsS Ahs\ Däpt\m¡n: R§sf t\m¡p Fóp ]dªp. Ah³ hñXpw In«pw Fóp IcpXn Ahsc kq£n¨p t\m¡n. At¸mÄ ]s{Xmkv: shÅnbpw s]mópw F\n¡nñ; F\n¡pÅXp \n\¡p Xcpóp: \kdmb\mb tbip{InkvXphns³d \ma¯nð \S¡ Fóp ]dªp Ahs\ hess¦¡p ]nSn¨p Fgptóev]n¨p; £W¯nð Ahs³d Imepw \cnbmWnbpw Dsd¨p Ah³ IpXns¨gptóäp \Sóp; \Sópw XpÅnbpw ssZhs¯ ]pIgv¯nbpwsImïp AhtcmSpIqsS ssZhmeb¯nð ISóp.

apS´s\ kpJs¸Sp¯bXpIïv P\w itemtamsâ aÞ]¯nð ]t{Xmkntâbpw tbmlómtâbpw NpÁpw IqSn. kuJyam¡nbXnsâ am\s¯ AhÀ XmgvatbmsS \ncmIcn¨p. X§fpsS kz´ iànsImtïm `ànsImtïm Añ Ahs\ \S¡pamdm¡nbsXópw X§Ä, blqZòmÀ Ipcninð Xd¨psImó tbiphnsâ ip{iqjIÀ am{XamsWópw km£oIcn¨p. X§Ä {]kwKn¡pó hN\§fpw AXnsâ ap{ZIfpw, X§fptSXñ, adn¨v, A{_mlmans³dbpw bnkvlm¡ns³dbpw bmt¡m_ns³dbpw ssZhamb \½psS ]nXm¡òmcpsS ssZhw alXzs¸Sp¯nb Xs³d Zmk\mb tbiphntâXmsWóv AhtcmSv hniZoIcn¨p. Fómð ]ptcmlnXòmcpsS \nÀºÔ{]Imcw ]t{Xmknt\bpw tbmlómt\bpw Imcm{Kl¯nð AS¨v \ymbm[n]kwL¯nsâ ap¼msI tNmZyw sNbvXp. AhÀ sNbvX Imcy§sf ss[cy]qÀÆw AwKoIcn¡pIbpw D]{Zhn¨htcmSv {InkvXphns\ km£n¡pIbpw {]kwKn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ssZhs¯¡mÄ A[nIw \n§sf A\pkcn¡póXp ssZh¯ns³d ap¼msI \ymbañ Fóv AhÀ hmZn¨p.

k` Zn\w{]Xn hfcpIbpw At¸mktXmeòmcpsS, {]tXyIn¨v ]t{Xmknsâ hnip²nbpw ss[cyhpw Bßobiànbpw JymXnbpw hfÀópsImtïbncpóp. BZnak` FñmhcptSbpw kz¯p¡Ä s]mXphI Fóp IcpXnbncpóXn\mð Ahcnð ap«pÅhÀ Bcpw Dïmbncpónñ. Fómð A\\ymkv Xsâ `mcy k^odtbmSpIqsS ]cnip²mßmhns\Xnsc hymPw \ncp]n¨v kz¯nð Hcp`mKw Hfn¨p sh¨p. ]t{Xmkv Úm\Zrãnbnð AXp ImWpIbpw, hN\iànbnð in£ e`n¨p B Z¼XnIÄ acn¨p hogpIbpw sNbvXp. kÀÆ k`¡pw CXp tI«hÀ¡p FñmhÀ¡pw alm `bw Dïmbn. tcmKnIsf ]pd¯psImïp hóp, ]s{Xmkv ISóp t]mIpt¼mÄ Ahs³d \ngð F¦nepw Ahcnð hñhcpsSbpwtað hotgïXnóp hoYnIfnð hncn¸ntòepw InS¡taepw InS¯pw.

hnip² kvsX^ms\mknsâ càkm£n acW¯n\ptijw As¸mkvXeòmÀ HgnsI hnizmknIÄ Fñmhcpw sblqZy iacy tZi§fnð NnXdnt¸mbn. NnXdnt¸mbhÀ hN\w kphntijn¨pwsImïp AhnShnsS kôcn¨p. ^nens¸mkv iacy ]«W¯nð sNóp AhtcmSp {InkvXphns\ {]kwKn¨p; Aip²mßm¡sf ]pd¯m¡n, At\Iw tcmKnIÄ skuJyw {]m]n¨p; ]pcpjòmcpw kv{XoIfpw kv\m\w Gäp. B ]«W¯nð hfsc kt´mjw Dïmbn. sbcpiteanepÅ As¸mkvXeòmÀ, iacyÀ ssZhhN\w ssIs¡mïp Fóp tI«p ]s{Xmkns\bpw tbmlóms\bpw AhcpsS ASp¡ð Ab¨p. AhÀ ]cnip²mßmhp e`nt¡ïXnóp AhÀ¡mbn {]mÀ°n¨p. AhÀ AhcpsStað ssIsh¨t¸mÄ AhÀ¡p ]cnip²mßmhp e`n¨p. B ]«W¯nð iotam³ Fóp t]cptÅmcp ]pcpj³ B`nNmcw sNbvXp, Xm³ alm³ Fóp ]dªp iacy PmXnsb {`an¸n¨p t]móp. As¸mkvXeòmÀ ssI sh¨Xn\mð ]cnip²mßmhp e`n¨Xp iotam³ Iïmsd AhÀ¡p {Zhyw sImïphóp: Rm³ Hcp¯s³dtað ssI sh¨mð Ahóp ]cnip²mßmhp e`n¸m³ X¡h®w Cu A[nImcw F\n¡pw XtcWw Fóp ]dªp. ]s{Xmkv Aht\mSp: ssZh¯ns³d Zm\w ]W¯nóp hm§ns¡mÅmw Fóp \o \ncq]n¡sImïp \ns³d ]Ww \ntómSpIqsS \in¨p t]mIs« Fóp ]dªp. Fómð B`nNmc¡mc\mb iotam³ ]nóoSv A\pX]n¨p; Ah\pthïn {]mÀ°n¸m³ ]t{Xmknt\mSv At]£n¨p; \n§Ä ]dªXp Hópw F\n¡p `hn¡mXncn¸m³ IÀ¯mhnt\mSp F\n¡pthïn {]mÀ°n¸n³ Fóp ]dªp.

kphntijIÀ \«p]nSn¸n¨ At\Iw {]tZi§fnse k`Ifnð ]t{Xmkv kµÀi\w \S¯n; kôcn¡bnð ep±bnð ]mÀ¡pó hnip²òmcpsS ASp¡epw sNóp. AhnsS ]£hmXw ]nSn¨p F«p kwhÕcambn InS¸nð Bbncpó sFs\bmkv Fó a\pjys\ tbip{InkvXphnsâ \ma¯nð kuJyam¡n Fgpt\ð¸n¨v \S¯n. tbm¸bnð X_oYm Fóp t]cpÅ injy AkpJw ]nSns]«p acn¨pt]mbn. ]s{Xmkv ap«pIp¯n {]mÀ°n¨p ih¯ns³d t\sc Xncnªp: X_o°tb, Fgptóð¡ Fóp ]dªp; AhÄ I®p Xpdóp ]s{Xmkns\ Iïp Fgptóäp Ccpóp. ]nsó ]s{Xmkv tXmðs¡mñ\mb iotamt\mSpIqsS hfsc\mÄ tbm¸bnð ]mÀ¯p.

A{KNÀ½nIfmb hnPmXnbsc {InkvXob k`bnð {]thin¸n¡m³ \ntbmKn¡s¸« BZys¯ hyànbmWv hnip² ]t{Xmkv. BZy {]thi\w e`n¨ hyàn sImÀtóentbmkpw. alm\mb sltcmZmhv ]pXp¡n ]WnXv AKkvÁkv kokdnsâ _lpam\mÀ°w \maIcWw sNbvX ssIkcy Fó ISð¯oc ]«W¯nð sImÀóteymkv Fóp t]cpÅ `à\pw Zm\ioe\pw ssZh`bw DÅh\pamb Hcp tdma³ iXm[n]³ Dïmbncpóp. GItZiw D¨Ignªv aqóp aWn¡v, XoctZiamb tbm¸bnð tXmðs¡mñ\mb iotamsâ ho«nð Xmakn¨ncpó ]t{Xmkns\ hcp¯phm³ At±l¯n\v Hcp ZÀi\w Dïmbn. ]nsÁ Znhkw D¨ {]mÀ°\bv¡mbn sh×mS¯nð Ccn¡pt¼mÄ ]t{Xmkn\pw Hcp ZÀi\w Dïmbn. Ah³ hfsc hnión«p `£n¸m³ B{Kln¨p. hnhiXbnð, BImiw Xpdóncn¡póXpw, `qanbnse kIehn[ \mev¡menbpw CgPmXnbpw BImi¯nse ]dhbpw \ndª, hentbmcp Xp¸«nt]mse \mep tImWpw sI«o«p `qanbnte¡p Cd¡nhnt«mcp ]m{Xw hcpóXpw Ah³ Iïp. ]s{Xmtk, Fgptóäp Adp¯pXnópI Fóp Hcp i_vZw Dïmbn. IÀ¯mth, aen\tam Aip²tam BbsXmópw Rm³ Hcp\mfpw Xnón«nñtñm Fóv AXn\p ]s{Xmkv D¯cw ]dªp. ssZhw ip²oIcn¨Xp \o aen\saóp hnNmcn¡cpXp Fóp Aht\mSp ZqX³ ]dªp. C§s\ aqóp {]mhiyw Dïmbn; DSs\ ]m{Xw XncnsI BImi¯nte¡p hens¨Sp¯p. ]t{Xmkv ZÀi\s¯¡pdn¨v Nôen¨psImïncn¡pt¼mÄ sImÀtóseymkv Ab¨ ]pcpjòmÀ AhnsS F¯n; sImÀtóseymkv Fó iXm[n]óp \nsó ho«nð hcp¯n \ns³d {]kwKw tIÄt¡Ww Fóp Hcp hnip² ZqX\mð Acpf¸mSpïmbncn¡póp Fóp ]dªp. Hópw kwibn¡msX AhtcmSp IqsS t]mI Fóp Bßmhp Aht\mSp ]dªp. Aóv AhÀ AhnsS Xmakn¨v ]nsÁ Znhkw ]t{Xmkv tbm¸bnse Nne ktlmZcòmtcmsSm¯v AhcpsS IqsS t]mbn. sImÀtóseymkpw IpSpw_hpw A\pbmbnIfpw hnip² ]t{Xmkns\ hfsc _lpam\t¯msS kzoIcn¨v {i²tbmsS Ahsâ {]kwKw tI«p. A\yPmXn¡mcs³d ASp¡ð sNñpóXpw Ah\pambn s]cpamäw sN¿póXpw sblqZ\p \njn²w F¦nepw Hcp a\pjys\bpw aen\t\m Aip²t\m Fóp ]dbcpsXóp ssZhw F\n¡p ImWn¨pXóncn¡póp Fópw ssZh¯nóp apJ]£anñ Fópw AhtcmSv ]dªp. ]t{Xmkv IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphns\ AhcpsS ap¼nð km£oIcn¨v {]kwKn¨p. ]s{Xmkv {]kvXmhn¡pt¼mÄ Xtó hN\w tI« FñmhcpsStaepw ]cnip²mßmhp hóp. ]s{Xmkv Ahsc tbip{InkvXphns³d \ma¯nð kv\m\w Ign¸n¸m³ Iev]n¨p.

sltcmZmcmPmhnsâ ]oT\¯nð tbmlóms³d ktlmZc\mb bmt¡m_ns\ hmÄsImïp sImñpIbpw, ]s{Xmkns\ ]nSn¨p XShnem¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]s{Xmkns\ XShnð kq£n¨p hcpt¼mÄ k` {i²tbmsS Ahóp thïn ssZht¯mSp {]mÀ°\ Ign¨p t]móp. cm{Xnbnð ]s{Xmkv cïp N§ebmð _Ôn¡s¸«h\mbn cïp ]SbmfnIfpsS \Sphnð Dd§pt¼mÄ s]s«óp IÀ¯mhns³d ZqX³ AhnsS {]Xy£\mbn, Adbnð Hcp shfn¨w {]Imin¨p. Ah³ ]s{Xmkns\ hnem¸pd¯p X«n: thKw Fgptóð¡ Fóp ]dªp Ahs\ DWÀ¯n; DSs\ Ahs³d N§e ssItað \nóp hoWp t]mbn. AhÀ Hómw Imhepw cïmat¯Xpw ISóp ]«W¯nð sNñpó Ccn¼p hmXnð¡ð F¯n. AXp AhÀ¡p kzXsh Xqdóp; AhÀ ]pd¯nd§n Hcp sXcphp ISóp, DSs\ ZqX³ Ahs\ hn«pt]mbn. ]s{Xmkv kphntijI\mb aÀt¡mkns³d A½ adnbbpsS ho«nð sNóp ]Sn¸pc hmXnð¡ð ap«n. AhnsS At\IÀ Hcpan¨p IqSn {]mÀ°n¨psImïncpóp. AhÀ Xpdót¸mÄ ]s{Xmkns\ Iïp hnkvabn¨p. sltcmZmhp Ahs\ At\zjn¨n«p ImWmbvIbmð Imhð¡msc hnkvXcn¨p Ahsc sImñphm³ Iev]n¨p; ]nsó ]s{Xmkv sblqZy hn«p ssIkcybnte¡p t]mbn AhnsS ]mÀ¯p.

tbip{InkvXphns³d As¸mkvXe\mb ]s{Xmkv s]ms´mknepw KemXybnepw I¸sZmIybnepw Bkybnepw _nYp\ybnepw NnXdn¸mÀ¡pó ]ctZinIfpw, ]pXpXmbn ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«Xpamb blqZm hnizmknIfmb hnip²À¡p thïnbmWv Hómw teJ\w FgpXnbn«pÅXv. {][m\ambpw aqóp e£y§fmWv teJI\v DïmbncpóXv. hyàn]chpw Bt]£nIhpamb Fñm ISaIfpw hnizkvXXtbmsS \nÀÆln¡póXneqsS Ahsc hnip² kwkÀ¤¯nte¡v \bn¡pIbpw t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI. AXneqsS AhÀ kz´w kam[m\w Dd¸n¡pIbpw i{Xp¡fpsS \nµIfnð\nópw A]hmZ§fnð\nóp c£ t\SpI. Iã¸mSpIÄ¡v Ahsc Hcp¡pI. hnizmk¯nð £atbmSpw ØntcmÕmlt¯mSpw Ncn¡póXn\v Ahsc t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI. Ipd¨pImew IãXbnepw `mc¯nepw Bbncpón«pw, c£bpsS {]Xymibnð, ]dªdnbm¡mhm\mhm¯ alXzt¯msS AhÀ kt´mjn¡m³ henb ImcWapsïóv hnip² ]t{Xmkv hyàam¡póp. ]pcmX\ {]hmNIòmÀ ap³Iq«n ]dª c£bpw kzÀ¤¯nse ZqXòmÀ A\zjn¡m³ B{Kln¨Xpw CXmWv. tbiphnsâ cà¯nsâ ]cnKW\, a\pjysâ hosïSp¸nsâ hneaXn¡m\mhm¯ aqeyw, ktlmZc kvt\lw, ]p\cpÖoh\¯nsâ t{iãXbpw AhcpsS Bßob AhØbpw, Chsbñmw ]t{Xmkv Cu teJ\¯nð ]cmaÀin¡póp.

hnip² iotam³ ]s{Xmkv Xsâ cïmw teJ\w FgpXnbXv, \½psS ssZh¯ns³dbpw c£nXmhmb tbip{InkvXphns³dbpw \oXnbmð At¸mkvtXmeòmÀ¡v e`n¨Xpt]mse AtX hnetbdnb hnizmkw e`n¨v blqZòmcnð \nópw {IkvXphnepÅ hnizmk¯nte¡p Xncnªp hóhÀ¡p thïnbmWv. Fñm {InkvXob Ir]Ifnepw aptódm\pw, sa¨s¸Sp¯phm\pw, hÀ²n¸n¡m\pw, ØntcmÕmlw \ðIm\pw BWv teJ\¯nse DZvt_m[\w. Cu kð{]hÀ¯nsb kpKaam¡póXn\pw aptóm«p sImïpt]mIpóXn\pw ]t{Xmkv Blzm\w sN¿póp. cmPm¡òmcpsS cmPmhpw {]`p¡òmcpsS \mY\pw, IÀ¯mhpw ssZhhpamb tbip{InkvXphnsâ tkh\amWv ]ctamóX _lpaXnbnte¡pÅ hgn Fóv ]t{Xmkv At¸mkvtXme³ Cu teJ\¯neqsS HmÀ½n¸n¡póp. Ir]bpw kam[m\hpw hÀ²n¡póXv ssZhs¯bpw tbip{InkvXphnt\bpw Ipdn¨pÅ AdnhneqsSbmWv. Ir]bpsS {]hÀ¯n Bcw`n¨h³ AXv ]qÀ¯oIcn¡pw. Fñm Bßob A\p{Kl§fptSbpw Ddh tbip{InkvXphnsâ Znhy iànbmWv.

tbmlómsâ teJ\§Ä:
hnip² tbmlómsâ kphntij¯ntâbpw teJ\§fptSbpw DÅS¡w ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ kvt\l¯nsâ At¸mkvtXme³ Bbncpóp tbmlóm³. shfn¨w, Ccp«v, kXyw, PohnXw, kvt\lw Fón BhÀ¯n¨pÅXpw hyXncnàhpab hm¡pIÄ teJ\§fpsS s]mXphmb tbmlóm³ ssienbmWv; {]tXyIn¨v, "shfn¨¯nð \S¡pI', "kXy¯nð Bbncn¡pI', "]nimNnð \nóv', "temI¯nð \nóv', "temIs¯ adnIS¡pI' apXemb ]Z{]tbmK§Ä. Hcp hnÚm\tImi¯nsâ cq]amWv tbmlómsâ cN\IÄ¡pÅXv. tbip{InkvXphnsâ ZrIvkm£nbpw DÁ kplr¯pw BsWóv teJI³ AhImis¸Spópshóv B´cnI sXfnhpIÄ hyàam¡póp. aqóp I¯nepw kvt\lhpw ]nXmhpamWv {]Xn]mZn¡s¸SpóXv. Abð¡mct\mSpÅ Znhykvt\l¯nsâbpw Zm\[À½¯nsâbpw knc teJ\§fnð \ap¡v ImWmw.

tbmlómsâ Hómas¯ teJ\w Xm³ Øm]n¨ k`Ifnse B«n³ Iq«¯nse Fñm AwK§tfbpw A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿pó Hcp CSb teJ\amWv. Fs^skmknepw NpÁpapÅ Gjybnse {InkvXym\nIÄ¡v Dt±in¨n«pÅXmWv CXv. At¸mkvtXme³ Xsâ Ahkm\ hÀj§Ä Xmakn¨v sNehgn¨Xv Fs^skmknð Bbncpóp. AhnsS sh¨mWv Xsâ cN\IÄ Fñmw \S¯nbsXóv hnizkn¡s¸Spóp. teJ\¯nsâ {][m\ hnjbw ssZhhpambpÅ \½psS Iq«mbvabptSbpw c£bptSbpw Dd¸v hnizmk¯nepw kvt\l¯nepw BWv FópÅXmWv. aqóp km£nIfpsS {]kn²amb `mKw teJ\¯nse {]kàamb hnhcWamWv. "km£yw \ðIpó aqópt]À: kzÀ¤¯nð ]nXmhv, hN\w, ]cnip²mßmhv; Cu aqópt]cpw HómWv. `qanbnð km£yw \ðIpó aqópt]À Dïv: Bßmhpw shÅhpw càhpw; Ch aqópw HómWv.' (1 tbmlóm³ 5:7þ8) hnizmk¯nsâ cïp {][m\ clky§sf At±lw ØncoIcn¡póp: {XnXz¯nsâ \nKqVXbpw, ssZh]p{X\mb tbip{InkvXphnsâ AhXmc clkyhpw.

kXys¯ Adnªncn¡póhÀ Fñmhcpw kXy¯nð kvt\ln¡pó am\y\mbInbmÀ¡pw a¡Ä¡pw thïnbmWv tbmlóm³ Hcp A²ymbw am{XapÅ Xsâ cïmas¯ teJ\w FgpXnbncn¡póXv. Cu teJ\w At¸mkvtXme\nð \nópÅ Hcp sNdnb I¯mbn«mWv FgpXnbncn¡póXv. ]ckv]cw kvt\ln¡m³ Ahsc DZvt_m[n¸n¡póp. kXy¯nð \S¡m\pw Fñmhscbpw kvt\ln¡m\pw sXÁmbn ]Tn¸n¡póhsc kq£n¡m\pw At±lw ip]mÀi sN¿póp. aX{`m´òmÀ¡v Hcp kaqlhpanñ; Ahsc A`nhmZyw sN¿cpsXóv {]tXyIw FSp¯p ]dbpóp. tbip Hcp amwkþcàcp]asñóv ]Tn¸n¡pó Docetic Christology sbbpw Úm\hmZt¯bpw [Gnostic Theory] tbmlóm³ hnaÀin¡pIbpw Xm¡oXv \ðIpIbpw sN¿póp. tbip{InkvXp PU¯nð hóncn¡pópshóv GÁp]dbm¯hÀ hôIÀ BsWóv At±lw A]e]n¨v {]Jym]n¡póp.

kXy¯nð kvt\ln¡pó {]nb Kmsbmknóp BWv tbmlóm³ apómas¯ teJ\w FgpXnbncn¡póXv. CXpw Hcp A²ymbw am{XapÅ sNdnb hyànKX I¯mWv. k`bnð \nóv ]pd¯m¡s¸SpIbpw anjy\dn hncp² hnImcw krãn¡pIbpw sNbvX \nµy\mb sZta{Xnsbmkv Fó hyànsb¡pdn¨mWv I¯nð ]cmaÀin¡póXv. teJ\¯nse sam¯¯nepÅ hnjbw BXnYyacymZbpsS {]m[m\yamWv. Cu I¯nð ss{IkvXh Iq«mbva alXzoIcn¡pIbpw ]cn]men¡pIbpw sN¿póp. ssZhhpambpÅ \½psS k´pãamb _Ô¯nsâ sXfnhmWv \òbpsS ]cnioe\w.

hnip² bqZmbpw bqZmbpsS teJ\hpw:
At¸mktXme\mb CkvIcntbm¯mhñm¯ hnip² bqZm, X±mbn Fó \ma¯nepw Adnbs¸Spóp. Ct±lhpw tbiphnsâ IpSpw_ ktlmZc\mbn IcpXs¸Spóp. Ct±lw sNdnb bmt¡m_v ÇolmbpsS ktlmZc³ Bbncpóp. AÀt½\nb³ At¸mkvtXmenIv NÀ¨v hnip² bqZm X±mbntbbpw hnip² _À¯temambntbbpw AhcpsS Patron Saint Bbn IcpXn _lpam\n¡póp. km²yañm¯hbpw \ncmiP\Ihpamb \ãs¸« Imcy§Ä¡p a²yØX hln¡pó ]cnip²\mbn«mWv It¯men¡m k` hnip² bqZmÇolmsb hntijn¸n¡póXv. blqZm, iacy, CSpanb, kndnb, saskms¸mt«anb, en_nb FónhnS§fnð hnip² bqZm kphntijw {]kwKn¨pshómWv ]mc¼cyw. tdma³ {]hniybmb kndnbmbnse s_bvdq«nð At¸mkvtXme³ FcnhpImc\mb hnip² iotamt\msSm¸w [ Simon the Zealot ] càkm£nXzw hcn¨p FómWv ]mc¼cyw hnizkn¡póXv. Nn{X§fnð ]nSn¨ncn¡pó tImSmen ]et¸mgpw sIñs¸« coXnsb {]XoIs¸Sp¯póp.

]qXnb\nba¯nse Ahkm\s¯ teJ\amWv bqZmbpsS teJ\w. thZhn]coXnIfnð \nópw hnizmkXymK¯nð \nópw {InkvXob hnizmknIsf ]n´ncn¸n¡pI FóXmbncpóp teJ\¯nsâ Dt±iyw. Xsâ teJ\w FgpXnbt¸mtg¡pw ØncoIcn¨ncpó {InkvXphnsâ D]tZi¯nsâ \nt£]s¯ {]Xntcm[n¡Wsaópw At¸mkvtXmeòmcpsS hm¡pIÄ HmÀ¡Wsaópw bqZm teJ\¯nð A`yÀ°n¡póp. hnizmkXymK¯nsâ A\´c^ew At±lw kqNn¸n¡póp. IÀ¯mhv Xsâ P\s¯ CuPn]vXnð\nóv c£n¨Xn\ptijhpw Ahnizmk¯nð AIs¸«hsc, DóX ]Zhnbnð\nópw hoWpt]mb ZqXòmtcbpw, skmtZmant\bpw tKmtamsdtbbpw in£n¨Xpt]mse Xsó, \in¸n¡m³ aSn¨nsñópw teJ\¯nð HmÀ½s¸Sp¯póp. FtXy]y³, Fdn{Xnb³ k`IfpsS Xncpshgp¯nsâ `mKamb lmt\m¡nsâ ]pkvXI¯nð\nóv bqZm t\cn«v D²cn¡póp. temIsa¼mSpw \ymbhn[n \S¯m³ IÀ¯mhv Xsâ Bbnc¡W¡n\p hnip²òmcpambn hcpsaó lmt\m¡nsâ {]hN\w D²cn¡s¸Spóp.

shfn]mSp]pkvXIw:
]pXnb\nba¯ntâbpw ss__nfntâbpw Ahkm\s¯ ]pkvXIamWv At¸mkvtXme\pw kphntijI\pamb hnip² tbmlóm³ FgpXnb shfn]mSp]pkvXIw. {InkvXy³ Eschatology ð (Theology concerned with death, judgement and the final destiny of the soul and humankind) CXv Hcp {][m\ Øm\w hln¡póp. ]gb\nba¯nð CXn\q kam\amb IrXn Zm\ntbensâ ]pkvXIamWv. ]tßmkv Zzo]nte¡v \mSpIS¯s¸« tbmlóm³ Gjybnse Ggp k`IÄ¡mWv CXv FgpXnbncn¡póXv. Xsâ P\¯nsâ hnizmk¯nsâ ]n´pWbv¡pw AhcpsS {]XymibpsS Znimt_m[¯n\pw thïn bpKm´y¯nð kw`hnt¡ï {][m\ kw`h§fpsS {]hN\amWv shfn]mSv ]pkvXI¯nsâ DÅS¡w. a\pjysâ hnthI¯nsâ bpànsImïv Hcn¡epw thÀXncns¨Sp¡m³ Ignbm¯h, Bcpw Adnbm¯ ssZh¯nsâ Bg¯nepÅ Imcy§Ä, Fómð ssZh¯nsâ Bßmhpw Ah³ shfns¸Sp¯póhcpw am{Xw Isï¯póXn\mð AXns\ shfn]mSv Fóp hnfn¡póp.

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