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Hcp hnZymÀ°n Bbncns¡, Hcp Znhkw apgph³ ]cpae skan\mcnbnepw ]cnkc¯pw Rm³ Aeªp Xncnªv \Són«pïv. AXv tUm. kmapthð Nµ\¸Ån ]{Xm[n]cmbncpó HmÀ¯tUmIvkv bq¯v Fó Hcp amknIbv¡v Hcp Feature Xbmdm¡póXn\v thïn Bbncpóp. AXv Hcp ]cpae s]cp\mfnsâ Imeambncpóp. Cu amknI k`bpsS Hcp HutZymKnI amknIbñ, Nµ\¸Ånbnse Hcp ]ptcmlnXsâ Hcp kzImcy kwc`ambncpóp. AXnð {]Xn^esamópw CñmsX tUm. kmapthð Nµ\¸Ån {]hÀ¯n¡bmbncpóp. At±lw ]dªX\pkcn¨v ]cpaesb¡pdn¨v HmÀ¯tUmIvkv bq¯nð FgpXnb Feature BWv am²ya {]hÀ¯I³ Fó \nebnð BZys¯ Fsâ cN\. ]cpaebnse Agn¸pcbnepw aÁpw hóv Imcy§sfms¡ tNmZn¨p a\Ênem¡n BWv B cN\ ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXv. tUm. kmapthð Nµ\¸Ån XsóbmWv amÀ {KotKmdntbmkv Fó henb a\pjysâ PohnXw KthjW¯neqsSbpw tcJIfneqsSbpw AhnkvacWam¡nsbómWv Fsâ ]£w. At±l¯nsâ ]mX ]n´pSÀómWv ]nóoSphó At\Iw BfpIÄ hfsc KuchIcambn ]T\§Ä \S¯nbn«pÅXv. sshZnI skan\mcn {]n³kn¸ð Bbncpó Icn§m«nð A¨\pw hfsc at\mlcamb Hcp {KÙw FgpXnbn«pïv. ]e ]nð¡me cN\IfptSbpw ASnØm\w, tUm. kmapthð Nµ\¸ÅnbpsS KthjW§fpw, t\cn«v At±lw a\Ênem¡nb {]mYanI ]T\§fpw {KÙ§fpw Bbncpóp. At±lt¯bpw At±l¯nsâ cN\Itfbpw F\n¡v hnkvacn¡m\mhnñ.
tUm. kmapthð Nµ\¸Ån Ncn{X{KÙ§Ä am{Xañ, at\mlcamb Km\§fpw FgpXnbn«pïv. ]cpae Xncpta\ntb¡pdn¨v At±lw FgpXnbn«pÅ Km\§fnse Nne hcnIÄ C{]ImcamWv:
]˨ime, ]˨ime
hnip² XmXsâ {]mÀ°\ime
sh«n¡ð Zbdbnð ]À®imebnð
sh«n¯nf§pó ZnhytPymXntÊ
kóymkn t{ijvTcmw At´mWntbmkn³
kwip² PohnXw [\yam¡n \o
ip² PohnXw ]pWyam¡n \o
F{X AÀ°h¯mb hcnIfmWv. AXpt]msebpÅ hcnIfneqsS A¯c¯nepÅ At\Iw [njWmimenIÄ Ncn{X¯nð tcJs¸Sp¯nbXmWv ]cpae amÀ {KotKmdntbmknsâ PohnXw. ]cpae Xncpta\n A¡mes¯ Ht«sd kmaplnI amÁ§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ðInb Bfmbncpóp FóXv, GXm\pw Nne k`mhnizmknIfpsS {ia§Ä¡p]cnbmbn, Ncn{Xw A{Xam{Xw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«nñ FóXv bmYmÀ°yamWv. ]e ]pkvXI§fnepw NnXdn¡nS¡pó Hcp]mSv Imcy§Ä Dïv. tUm. tP¡_v Ipcy\¨sâ ]pkvXI¯nse ]cmaÀi kw`hw hfsc {it²bamWv. kz`mh Zqjy¯n\v Ip{]kn²\mbncpó Hcp sshZnIs\ ]cpae Xncpta\n Xñn. ]nóoSv kw`hn¨Xv; Xncpta\n Xsó At±ls¯ Xncn¨p hnfn¡póp, At±lt¯mSv H¸w Xmakn¡m³ ]dbpóp, ]Ånbnð IpÀºm\ sNmñm³ ]dbpóp, IpÀºm\¡pap¼v B sshZnIsâ ap¼nð ]cpae Xncpta\n Ip¼kmcn¡póp. Fón«v B IpÀºm\ A\p`hn¡póp. A¯cw Hcp A\p`hw Ct¸mÄ \½psS Nn´bv¡v AXoXambncn¡mw.
Fsó kv]ÀinÑ asÁmcp kw`hw C{]ImcamWv Xncpta\nbpsS IpSpw_hoSv ]pXp¡n ]WnXt¸mÄ At±lw Hcp henb s]mXn sImSp¯b¨p. ]ecpw AXnð ]Wambncn¡pw FómWv IcpXnbXv. Fómð AhnsS sNóv Agn¨p t\m¡nbt¸mÄ AXn\I¯v Hcp Iñmbncpóp. B ]pXnb hoSnsâ B[mcine At±lw hmgv¯n sImSp¯b¨Xmbncpóp. asÁmcp kw`hw, XncphmwIpfw Ihebnse Ipcnip ]Ån Øm]n¨Xpambn _Ôs¸«pÅXmWv. Aóv AXv A\ymbambn It¿dn Øm]n¨XmWv. k`mwK§Ä. AXp tIkmbn. Øe¯nsâ DSaIÄ tImSXnbnð t]mbn. Xncpta\n km£nbmWv. ]cpae Xncpta\n Hcp sNdnb IÅw ]dsª¦nð B tIkv k`m AwK§Ä¡v A\pIqeambn hn[n¡s¸Spambncpóp. At±lw IÅkm£n ]dªnñ, kXyw t_m[n¸n¨p. k`mwK§sf in£n¨p. sslµhcmb DSaIÄ Xncpta\nbpsS PohnX ss\À½eyhpw kXyk´Xbpw Iïv Øew ]Ån¡pXsó Xncn¨psImSp¯p.
1902 ð acn¡póXn\pap¼v At±l¯n\v cïv B{Kl§fmWv DïmbncpóXv. Hóv, ]cpae skan\mcn sI«nS¯nsâ _m¡n ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI, asÁmóv Xncphñbnð ]Wn XpS§nb MGM kvIqfnsâ ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI. At±lw Hcp kz]v\w IïXv IqsSbpÅ sshZnItcmSv ]dªp. ]ÅnbpsS aZv_lmbpsS hS¡p `mK¯v Hcp \nt£]w Dïv. AXpsImïv Imcy§Ä ]qÀ¯oIcn¡mw Fóv. Aóv BÀ¡pw a\Ênembnsñ¦nepw A[nIw sshImsX Xncpta\n Imew sNbvXv ]dª Øe¯p Xsó I_dS§n. B I_dnte¡v Bbncw, ]Xn\mbncw, e£§Ä HgpIm³ XpS§n.
19þmw \qÁmïnsâ cïmw ]IpXnbnemWv ]cpae Xncpta\n Pohn¨ncpóXv. B Imes¯ a\Ênem¡msX At±l¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§sf hniZoIcn¡phm³ \ap¡p km[n¡pIbnñ. AXv tIcf \thm°m\¯nsâ Imeambncpóp. tIcfw Fó kwØm\w cq]nIcn¡s¸«ncpónsñ¦nepw XncphnXmwIqdpw ae_mdpw sIm¨nbpw \m«pcmPy§fmbn {_n«ojv taðt¡mbvabpambn Ignª ImeL«ambncpóp AXv. ]e kmaqlnI ]cnhÀ¯§Ä¡pw XpS¡w Ipdn¨ ImeamWv. AXn\p ImcWambXv Ipamc\mim³ ]dªXpt]mse :
sXm«pIqS¯hÀ
Xoïn¡qSm¯hÀ
ZrjvSnbnð s]«mepw tZmjaptÅmÀ
D¨\oN¯§fpw sXm«pIpSmbvabpw icnsbóp IcpXnbncpó Hcp ImeL«¯nemWv ]cpae Xncpta\n Pohn¨ncpóXv. kaXzt_m[w hfÀ¯m\pw APvRm\¯nsâ AÔX \o¡n Úm\¯nsâ {]Imiw ]c¯m\pw {ian¨ BfpIsfbmWv \mw \thm°m\ \mbIÀ Fóv hnfn¡póXv. A¯cw \thm°m\ \mbIcnð Hcp {][m\ Øm\w e`nt¡ï BfmWv ]cpae Xncpta\n. ]s£ Ncn{X¯nð At±l¯n\v AÀlamb CSw e`n¨n«nñ. At±l¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§fpw kw`mh\Ifpw F{Xam{Xw hepXmbncpóp Fóv \ap¡p a\ÊnemIWsa¦nð, At±l¯nsâ kaImenI t\Xm¡fpsS kw`mh\ItfmSv tNÀ¯p hmbn¡Ww. ]cpae Xncpta\n P\n¨Xv 1848 ð BWv. 1902 ð 54þmw hbÊnð At±lw temIt¯mSv bm{X ]dªp. 29þmw hbÊnð sa{Xmt¸men¯ Bbn. sa{Xmt¸men¯mbmbn k`bv¡pw kaql¯n\pw e`n¨ tkh\w tIhew Imð \qÁmïv am{Xambncpóp.
At±l¯nsâ PohnX¯n\p apt¼ Ncn{X¯nð CSw ]nSn¨ \mbI\mWv Ct¸mÄ It¯men¡ k` hnip²\mbn {]Jym]n¨ Nmhd Ipdnbmt¡mkv Genbmkv A¨³. 1805 ð P\n¨v 1871 ð bm{X ]dªp. ]Åns¡m¸w ]Ån¡qS§fpw Øm]n¡Ww Fó ZÀi\w ss{IkvXhÀ¡nSbnð ]SÀ¯nb ]ptcmlnX\mbncpóp At±lw. AXv \nÀºÔambn At±lw \S¸m¡n. B kvIqfnð PmXn aX hyXymkanñmsX FñmhÀ¡pw {]thi\w thWw. Printing Press Øm]n¨p. \{kmWn Zo]nI {]kn²oIcn¨p. A£c¯ntâbpw Bib¯ntâbpw hàmhmbn kaql¯nð shfn¨w hnXdnb IÀ½tbmKnbmbncpóp Nmhd Ipdnbmt¡mkv Genbmkv A¨³. AtX Bib§Ä sh¨p ]peÀ¯n {]mhÀ¯nIam¡nb tbmKnhcy\mbncpóp ]nóoSp P\n¨ ]cpae Xncpta\n. hnZym`ymk taJebnð At±l¯nsâ kw`mh\IÄ \nkvXqeamWv. 1895 ð BWv Xp¼a®nð ]ÅntaSbnð At±lw Cw¥ojv kvIqÄ XpS§nbXv. apf´pcp¯n St. Thomas English, IpówIpf¯v Mar Ignathios School, ]mtde§mSn St. Mary's School, Xncphñ MGM School tIm«bw Xmg¯§mSn kvIqÄ Chsbñmw ]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS {ia^eambn DïmbXmWv. ZfnXÀ¡pthïn aÁp Nne kvIqfpIfpw At±lw Øm]n¨n«pïv. ]eÀ¡pw hnZym`ymkw \njn²ambncpó Hcp Ime¯mWv At±lw hnZym`ymk Øm]\§Ä XpS§nbXv. Cw¥ojv hnZym`ymkw A\nhmcyamsWóv ]Tn¸n¨Xv.
tbdpitew bm{X Ignªphóv ]cpaebnð \S¯nb {]kwK¯nð Cw¥ojv hnZym`ymk¯nsâ BhiyIX At±lw Duón ]dbpópïv. ]cpae Xncpta\n P\n¨v Ggp hÀj§Ä¡p tijamWv {io\mcmbWKpcp P\n¡póXv. t`Z§fpw tZzj§fpañ ka`mh\bpw kmtlmZcyhpamWv Hcp P\XbpsS lrZba{´w FómWv {io\mcmbWKpcp ]Tn¸n¨Xv. FfnabptSbpw HcpabptSbpw al\obamb ktµiamWv Kpcp \ðInbXv. Hcp PmXn, Hcp aXw, Hcp ssZhw a\pjys\ó At±l¯nsâ ktµiw Fópw FñmbnS¯pw \nesImÅpóXmWv. Bephbnse AssZzX B{ia¯nð Kpcp hnfn¨ptNÀ¯ Gjybnse BZys¯ kÀÆ aX kt½f\¯nð At±lw aptóm«p sh¨ Bibw AXn{][m\amWv. hmZn¡m\pw Pbn¡m\pw Añ Adnbm\pw Adnbn¡m\pamWv FóXmWv {]thi\ IhmS¯nð FgpXn sh¨ncpóXv. Adnhnð \nópw A\pI¼bnð \nópamWv bYmÀ° hntamN\w DïmIpóXv. DÕh§Ä¡v Icnbpw (B\) thï Icnacpópw thï Fó Kpcphnsâ hn¹hIcamb hnhmZ Bib¯nsâ AtX cq]¯nembncpóp ]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS ImgvN¸mSpw. s]cp\mfn\v sIm«pwthï IfnIfpw thï FómWv Xncpta\n ]dªXv.
]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS kaImeo\cmbn thtdbpw ]e almß¡fpïv. hnaÀi\mßI Nn´ hfÀ¯nb Hcp BNmcy\mbncpóp N«¼n kzmanIÄ. h¡w A_vZpðJmZÀ auehn ]cnhÀ¯\¯nsâ i_vZapbÀ¯nb KpcphmWv. cmPy¯v ]cnjvImc¯nsâ Aán Pzen¸n¨ cmPmdmw taml³tdmbv, kzman hnthIm\µ, Zbm\µ kckzXn apXemb ]ecpw CXnt\mSp tNÀó Imebfhnð Pohn¨ncpóp. CtX Ime¯v Pohn¨ncpó AhtcmsSm¸w Ncn{X¯nð Øm\w e`nt¡ï ]cnjvIÀ¯mhv Xsó Bbncpóp hnip² ]cpae Xncpta\n.
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