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[ As many Geographical Maps are used in this Article, it is advisable to read the Article in bigger screen than Mobile Devices. All the Maps in the Article are not to scale, only indicative and no politcal significance]
IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ P\\w Fó Ncn{X kw`hw tdmam km{amPy¯nsâ atXXc (Secular) Ncn{Xhpambn kwibmXoXambn _Ôs¸«ncn¡póp. 509 B.C. bnð cq]w {]m]n¨ Roman Republic 27 B.C. Bbt¸mtg¡pw tdma³ km{amPyambn cq]m´cs¸«p. Augustus (originally Octavian) BZys¯ N{IhÀ¯nbmbn Ahtcm[n¡s¸«p. Pqenbkv kokdnsâ DbÀ¨¡pw sIme]mXI¯n\pw tijapÅ B`y´c bp²§fpsSbpw AØncXbpsSbpw Bb Hcp ImeL«¯nsâ ]cnkam]vXn Bbncpóp Cu ]cnhÀ¯\w. CXv Hcp dn¸»n¡³ Kh¬saânð \nóv tkÑm[n]Xy `cW¯nte¡pÅ amÁs¯ ASbmfs¸Sp¯n. tbip{InkvXphnsâ P\\kab¯,v tdma³ km{amPy¯nsâ AXncpIÄ ]Snªmdv AÁvemân¡v kap{Zw hscbpw B{^n¡bnse acp`qanIÄ, sX¡v ss\ð \Zn apXð hS¡v ssd³, Um\yq_v \ZnIÄ, Icn¦Sð hscbpw hym]n¨p.
Roman Empire
B. C. 63 ð t]mw]n (Pompey) Pdpktew IogS¡nbXn\ptijw, blqZ tdmansâ Hcp Client State Bbn amdn, kndnbmbnse tdma³ {]hniybv¡v Iognð. Xt±iob A[nImc§Ä \o¡s¸SpIbpw I¸w sImSp¡m³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmIpIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp ]cn[nhsc {]mtZiob kzbw`cWhpw aX]camb BNmc§fpw A\phZns¨¦nepw kzmX{´yw \jvSs¸«p. Client Rulers ð GÁhpw {]ikvX³ alm\mb sltcmZmhmbncpóp. B. C. 40 ð Roman Senate "blqZòmcpsS cmPmhv' Fó ]Zhn \ðIn B.C. 37 ð At±l¯nsâ `cWw Dd¸n¨p. sltcmZmhnsâ acWtijw cmPyw sNdnb tdma³ {]hniyIfmbn hn`Pn¨v Roman prefects and procurators hgn `cWw \S¯n.
Anno Domini (Year of Our Lord) \½psS IÀ¯mhnsâ hÀjw:
tbip{InkvXphnsâ P\\w Fó Ncn{X kw`hw \mfpItfbpw Ncn{X¯nsâ XmfpItfbpw cïmbn hn`Pn¨p. ]pcmX\ Ime¯v hyXykvX {]tZi§fnepw \mKcnIXIfnepw \nch[n IeïdpIÄ \nehnencpóp. C¯cw IeïdpIÄ¡v kmÀh{XnI kzoImcyXtbm, XpSÀ¨tbm, IrXyXtbm Dïmbncpónñ. XobXnIfpsS \nÀhN\w Hcp al¯mb kw`hs¯tbm hyànsbtbm ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbmbncpóp. DZmlcWambn, tbmlóm³ kv\m]Isâ ip{iqjbpsS Bcw`w \nÀhNn¨ncpóXv, "Xnsºcymkv ssIkcpsS hmgvNbpsS ]Xn\ômw Bïnð' ("15th year of the reign of Emperor Tiberius Caesar") Fómbncpóp. (eps¡mkv 3:1) Dionysius Exiguus Fóp t]cpÅ Hcp Romanian {InkvXy³ k\ymkn tbip P\n¨ kabs¯ ASnØm\am¡n A.D. 525 ð Anno Domini (AD) Fó ]pXnb Ime k{¼Zmbw t{ImUoIcn¨p. Anno Domini (AD) Fó emÁn³ ]Z¯nsâ AÀ°w "\½psS IÀ¯mhnsâ hÀjw' FómWv. Cu ]pXnb Ime hn`P\ coXn Ncn{Xs¯ {InkvXphn\pap¼v B.C. Fópw {InkvXphnsâ P\\¯n\p tijw A.D. Fópw cïv ImeL«ambn hn`Pn¡póp. A§s\ tbip bpK§fpsS tI{µambn amdn, ImcWw {InkvXp AhXmcw {]]ô¯nsâ tI{µ kw`hambncpóp. ]qPyw Fsómcp hÀjanñ. Ncn{Xw B.C 1 ð \nóv A.D. 1 te¡v IqXn¡póp.
Anno Domini
Fóncpómepw, ]nð¡me B[p\nI ]ÞnXòmÀ aÁp ]e kw`h§tfbpw ka\zbn¸n¡póXn\mbn bYmÀ° IW¡pIq«enð Nne Xncp¯epIÄ hcp¯n, tbiphnsâ P\\w 6 hÀjw ap¼msWóv Øm]n¡pIbpw, AXn³ {]Imcw A.D. 1 FóXn\p ]Icw 6 B.C. Bbn \nPs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. Ime{ItaW PmXn aX cmPy t`Zsas\y Anno Domini. temIw apgph\pw AwKoIcn¡s¸«p. B.C.E (Before Common Era)/C.E.(Common Era) Fó atXXc {]tbmKhpw {InkvXphnsâ P\\s¯ Xsó ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n D]tbmKn¡póXmWv.
tbip{InkvXphnsâ `uanI ]nXmhmbn hnip² tPmk^nsâ Znhy \nba\w (Devine appointment of Saint Joseph as the Earthly Father of Jesus Christ):
tbip{InkvXphnsâ `uanI ]nXmhmbn hnip² tPmk^ns\ \nban¨Xv Hcp ssZhnI \ntbmKambncpóp. tPmk^ns\ tbiphnsâ hfÀ¯p ]nXmhv, kwc£I³, \nba]camb ]nXmhv Fóo \neIfnð ssZhw Xsó Znhy ZÀi\¯neqsS Ahtcm[n¨p. hnip² IpSpw_s¯ kwc£n¡m\pw, Hcp ac¸Wn¡mc\mbn IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯m\pw, shfn]mS\pkcn¨v Ipªn\v tbip Fóp t]cnSm\pw, tbiphns\ blqZ \nba§fpw hnizmk§fpw ]Tn¸n¡m\pw, tbiphn\v Hcp ZmhnZnI hwimhen \ðIm\pw Ahsâ Ffnb A\pkcW¯neqsSbpw hnizmk¯neqsSbpw ssZh¯nsâ ]²Xn \ndthÁm\pw tPmk^ns\ ssZhw \ntbmKn¨p.
tPmk^ns\ adnbbpsS `À¯mhmbn XncsªSp¯Xp Xsó XfnÀ¯ hSn Fó ssZh¯nsâ ASbmfw A\pkcn¨mbncpópshóv ]mc¼cyw hnizkn¡póp. bmt¡m_nsâ kphntijw Fó At¸m{Kn^ ]pkvXI¯nemWv CXv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv. adnbmansâ hc\mbpÅ XncsªSp¸v kab¯v tPmk^nsâ hSn XfnÀ¯p ]q¯p, Hcp {]mhv AXnð Cd§n hóv Ccpóp Fó ASbmfw ssZhoI XncsªSp¸ns\ kqNn¸n¡póp. ]gb\nba¯nse Altdmsâ hSnbpsS AÛpXs¯ Cu kw`hw {]Xn[z\n¸n¡póp.
hnip² adnbmw Genk_¯ns\ kµÀin¨ tijw Xncn¨v \t{k¯nse kz´w ho«nð F¯nbt¸mÄ KÀ` Imew GItZiw aqóc amkw. Hcp KÀ`nWnbnð imcocnI hyXnbm\§Ä IïpXpS§pó kabw. Fómð AhÀ `mcy`À¯m¡òmcmbn Pohn¡póXn\p ap¼v, adnbmw KÀ`nWnbmsWóv tPmk^v a\knem¡n. hy`nNmc IpÁ¯n\v Isñdnªp sImñpI FóXmbncpóp blqZ \nbaw. adnbsb ]ckyambn A]am\n¡mXncn¡bpw Fómð \nba{]Imcw icnbmbXv sN¿pIbpw sN¿m³ B{Kln¨ \oXnam\mb tPmk^v, AhcpsS hnhml\nÝbw clkyambn Ahkm\n¸n¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. tPmk^v CXns\¡pdn¨v Nn´n¨v hymIpe Nn¯\mbn k½À±¯nembncn¡pt¼mÄ ssZh¯nsâ Hcp ZqX³ kz]v\¯nð {]Xy£s¸«p, Ahfnð Dð¸mZnXambXv ]cnip²mßmhnemsWópw Ahsf tNÀ¯psImÅm³ i¦nt¡ï Fópw Adnbn¨p. tbip{InkvXphnsâ `uanI ]nXmhmbn ssZhw tPmk^ns\ \nban¨ ZnhyXzw CXmWv.
Hcp ZÀi\¯neqsS ssZh¯nsâ ktµiw kzoIcn¨v, ssZhnI ]²Xnbnð hnizkn¨v, KÀ`nWnbmb adnbsb kzoIcn¨v, amXmhns\bpw tbiphnt\bpw kwc£n¨v, c£Isâ `uanI kwc£I\mbn, AXphgn \ni_vZ hnizmk¯neqsSbpw BßmÀ°amb {]hÀ¯nbneqsSbpw c£mNcn{X¯nð \nÀWmbI ]¦v \ndthÁnb \oXnam\pw A\pkcWbpÅh\pw Bbncpóp St. Joseph. eÖbv¡pw a\pjy[mcWbv¡pw ]Icw IcpWbpw hnt[bXzhpw XncsªSp¯v, hfÀ¯p]nXmhv, kwc£I³ Fóo \neIfnð At±lw al¯mb ]¦v hln¨p.
tbiphnsâ P\\ Imes¯ tdma³ t]Àhgn NmÀ¯ð (Roman Census during Birth of Jesus):
tbiphnsâ P\\ kab¯v, alm\mb sltcmZmhv, Judea, Samaria, Galilee. Idumea, Perea, Batanaea, and other surrounding territories Fónh AS§nb hnime {]tZi¯nsâ Roman Client King Bbncpóp. GÁhpw ASp¯pÅ tdma³ {]hniy (Roman Province) kndnb Bbncpóp. AXv `cn¨ncpóXv Governor Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21) Bbncpóp. Iptd\ymkv Fópw Cu t]cv hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸Spóp.
henb tdma³ ssk\ys¯ aptóm«p sImïpt]mIpóXn\pw, tdmUpIÄ \nÀ½n¡póXn\pw, Adnbs¸Spó temIw IogS¡póXv XpScpóXn\pÅ ssk\nI \o¡§Ä¡v [\klmbw \ðIpóXn\pw aÁpambn kokÀ AKkvÁkv [mcmfw \nIpXn P\§fpsS tað Npa¯nbncpóp. C¯cw \nIpXn ]ncnhnsâ Imcy£aamb \S¯n¸n\v {]PIsf HutZymInIambn F®n Xn«s¸Sp¯póXn\v ]e census \S¯nbncpóp. tdma³ atXXc Ncn{Xa\pkcn¨v IpdªXv aqóp XhWsb¦nepw tdmanð hym]Iamb sk³kkv \S¯m³ kokÀ D¯chn«ncpóp. hnip² eqt¡mknsâ kphntijw A\pkcn¨v Chbnð BZys¯ sk³kkv Bbncpóp IÀ¯mhnsâ P\\ kab¯v \S¯nbXv. (eps¡mkv 2:1þ2) "B Ime¯p temIw Hs¡bpw t]À hgn NmÀt¯Ww Fóp HuKpskvXmkv ssIkcpsS Hcp BÚ ]pds¸«p. Iptd\ymkv kpdnb\mSp hmgpt¼mÄ Cu Hómas¯ NmÀ¯ð Dïmbn.
\nba{]Imcw, sk³kknð cPnkvÁÀ sN¿póXn\v Hmtcmcp¯cpw AhchcpsS kz´w \Kc¯nte¡v t]mtIïXv \nÀºÔambncpóp. s_Xvetlw ZmhnZnsâ ]«Wambncpóp. tbmtk^v ZmhoZns³d Krl¯nepw Ipe¯nepw Dffh³ BIsImïp s_Xvetlante¡v t]mtIïn hóp. adnbbpw ZmhoZns³d hwi]c¼cbnð s]«hfmbncpóp. A§s\ tbmtk^v X\n¡p hnhmlw \nÝbn¨ncpó adnb Fó KÀ`nWnbmb `mcytbmSp IqsS Keoebnse \ktd¯v Fó ]«Ww hn«p,
s_Xvetlw ]«W¯nte¡p bm{Xbmbn. CXv ainlmbqsS P\\Øew kw_Ôn¨ aoJm {]hmNIsâ {]hN\¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIcWambncpóp. \otbm, t_¯vteslw F{^mt¯, \o sblqZm kl{k§fnð sNdpXmbncpómepw bn{kmtben\p A[n]Xnbmbncnt¡ïpóh³ F\n¡p \nónð \nóp DÛhn¨phcpw; Ahs³d DÛhw ]tïbpÅXpw ]pcmX\ambXpw Xtó. (aoJm 5:2)
Nazareth to Bethlehem
c£nXmhmb tbiphnsâ P\\w (Birth of Lord Jesus) :
At\I Znhks¯ Imð\S bm{Xbv¡p tijw £oWnXcmb tPmk^pw adnbapw kpc£nXcmbn t_Xvetlanð F¯nt¨Àóp. \Kcw sk³kkn\p hó BfpIsfs¡mïv Xn§n \ndªncpóp. k{X¯nð Øeanñmbncpóp. AXn\mð AhÀ Hcp sXmgp¯nð A`bw tXSn. Hómw \qÁmïnse t_Xvetlanse Hcp sXmgp¯v Hcp {]tXyI thdn« If¸pcbmbncpónñ. adn¨v ]et¸mgpw Hcp IpSpw_ hoSnsâ Xmgs¯ \nebmbncpóp. AXnð IgpXIÄ, BSpIÄ XpS§nb arK§Ä¡v Iðs¯m«nIÄ (mangiers) , Xmgvó aXnepIÄ, IpSpw_¯n\v apIfnes¯ \nebnð Hcp XmakØew Fónh Dïmbncpóp. AhÀ t_Xvetlanð Bbncn¡pt¼mÄ adnbbv¡v {]khn¸m\pff Imew XnsIªp. AhÄ BZyPmX\mb aIs\ {]khn¨p. ioeIÄ s]mXnªv ]ips¯m«nbnð InS¯n. A§s\ ssZh]p{X\pw temI c£I\pamb tbip temI¯nð `qPmX\mbn.
B«nSbòmÀ¡pÅ BZy {]Jym]\w (First Announcement to Shepherds) :
CSbòm³ tbiphns\ BZyw ImWpó kw`hw hfsc AÀ°]qÀ®amWv. AhÀ shdpw CSbòmcñ; adn¨v s_Xvetlan\Sp¯pÅ tZhmeb bmK¯n\mbn {]tXyI IpªmSpIsf tabn¨ncpóhcmbncn¡Ww. Aam\pjnI amemJ {]Jym]\§Ä Ahsc \bn¨p. ainlm Fó c£Isâ P\\w cmPm¡òmÀ¡ñ, adn¨v B«nSbcmb sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v shfns¸Sp¯n. arK§fpsS ]m] ]cnlmc bmK¯nsâ Ahkm\s¯ {]XoIam¡n "ssZh¯nsâ IpªmSv' sâ BZy km£nIÄ Fó \nebnð Ahsc AXpeycm¡n.
]e ]ÞnXòmcpw hnizkn¡póXv Cu CSbòmÀ s_Xvetlan\p kao]w Migdal Eder \p NpÁpapÅ 'Tower of the Flock' ð B«n³Iq«§sf \nco£n¨ncpóp FómWv. Ahbnð \nómWv bmK¯n\pÅ BSpIsf sImïphóncpóXv. Migdal Eder (Tower of the Flock) s\ Ipdn¨v aoJm {]hmNI³ {]hNn¨ncpóp: \otbm, GsZÀtKm]pcta, kotbm³ ]p{XnbpsS Kncntb, \n\¡p hcpw: ]qÀÆm[n]Xyw, sbcpitew ]p{XnbpsS cmPXzw Xtó, \n\¡p hcpw. (aoJm 4:8)
Migdal Edar (Tower of the Flock)
amemJamcpsS {]Jym]\w: ssZh]p{Xsâ P\\w {]Jym]n¨psImïv IÀ¯mhns³d Hcp ZqX³ AhÀ¡v {]Xy£s¸«p. IÀ¯mhns³d tXPÊv Ahsc Npänanón, AhÀ `b]chicmbn¯oÀóp. ZqX³ AhtcmSp: `bs¸tSïm; kÀÆP\¯n\pw DïmIphm\ptffmcp almkt´mjw Rm³ \n§tfmSp kphntijn¡póp. IÀ¯mhmb {InkvXp Fó c£nXmhp Cóp ZmhoZns³d ]«W¯nð \n§Ä¡mbn P\n¨ncn¡póp. ASbmfambn ioeIÄ Npän ]ips¯m«nbnð InS¡pó Hcp iniphns\ \n§Ä ImWpw Fóp ]dªp. kzÀ¤ob BXntYbÀ: s]s«óp kzÀ¤obssk\y¯ns³d Hcp kwLw ZqXt\mSp tNÀóp ssZhs¯ ]pIgv¯n. "AXypóX§fnð ssZh¯nóp alXzw; `qanbnð ssZh{]kmZapff a\pjyÀ¡p kam[m\w' Fóp ]dªp. CSbòmÀ DS³Xsó s_Xvetlanð t]mbn adnbsbbpw tbmtk^ns\bpw ]ips¯m«nbnð InS¡pó iniphns\bpw Iïp. X§tfmSp Adnbn¨Xpt]mse CSbòmÀ tI«Xpw IïXpamb Fñmäns\bpw Ipdn¨p Ghtcbpw Adnbn¨ tijw aS§nt¸mbn. adnb Cu hmÀ¯ Hs¡bpw lrZb¯nð kw{Kln¨p [ym\n¨psImïncpóp.
{InkvXp P\\ A\p_Ô Aam\pjnI kw`h§Ä (Supernatural Events surrounding the birth of Jesus) :
hnip²cmb a¯mbnbpsSbpw eqt¡mknsâbpw kphntij§fnð tbiphnsâ P\\¯n\v A\p_Ôambn \nch[n Aam\pjnI kw`h§sf hniZambn {]Xn]mZn¡póp. Øe¯nsâbpw kab¯nsâbpw (Space and Time) ]qÀ® hym]vXnsb {Kln¡póXnepw k¦ð¸n¡póXnepw a\pjy a\Ên\pw _p²nbv¡pw KWyamb ]cnanXnIfpïv. a\pjysâ am\knI IgnhpIÄ \½psS kao]¯pÅ ]cnXØnXnbnð AXnPoh\¯n\v Bhiyamb CSp§nb Afhnð {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\mWv, {]]ôs¯ AXnsâ GÁhpw ASnØm\ Xe§fnð {Kln¡m\ñ. (The human mind and brain have significant limitations in perceiving and conceptualizing the full extent of space and time. Our mental faculties evolved to focus on the narrow range of scales necessary for survival in our immediate environment, not to grasp the universe at its most fundamental levels.)
krjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw X½nepÅ A´camWv ChnsS shfnhmIpóXv. krjvSmhv ]cnanXnIÄ¡¸pdw (imizXhpw krjvSn¡s¸Sm¯Xpw A\´hpw) Bb {]Xe¯nð hnlcn¡póp. Fómð krjvSn¡s¸« AkvXnXzw (a\pjyXzw) {]]ô¯nsâ `uXnIhpw Xmð¡menIhpamb ]cn[nIfmð _ÔnXamWv. temI¯nse GÁhpw _p²namòmscó IcpXpó AtY\bnse XXzÚm\nItfmSv Actbm]I¡pónð hnip² ]utemkv Xsâ {]kwK¯nð CXns\ {]Xn]mZn¡póXv C{]ImcamWv: `qXe¯nð F§pw IpSnbncn¸m³ Ah³ Hcp¯\nð \nóp a\pjyPmXnsb Hs¡bpw Dfhm¡n, AhcpsS \nhmk¯nóp AXncpIfpw Ime§fpw \nÝbn¨p. AhÀ ssZhs¯ X¸nt\m¡n Isï¯ptam Fóp sh¨p Ahs\ At\zjnt¡ïXn\p Xtó. Ah³ \½nð BÀ¡pw AIóncn¡póh\ñXm\pw. (As¸m: {]hr¯nIÄ 17:26þ27) AXpsImïv IÀ¯mhnsâ P\\¯nse Aam\pjnI kw`h§sf hniIe\w sN¿póXv hnthIañ.
{]IrXn¡v hniZoIcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ hn[¯nð I\yIadnbmw ]cnip²mòmhn\mð KÀ`w [cn¡póp FóXp IqSmsX aqóv Xc¯nepÅ Aam\pjnI kw`h§fmWv tbiphnsâ P\\¯n\v A\p_Ôambn \mw kphntij§fnð ImWpóXv.
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amemJamcpsS ZÀi\hpw shfns¸Sp¯epw (Appearence of Angels and Annunciations):
amemJamÀ a\pjy krjvSn¡p ap³]pXsó ssZh¯mð krjvSn¡s¸« Bßob PohnIfmWv. kzÀ¤¯nse ZqXòmÀ al¯mb ssZhnI {]Jym]\§fpsS t\cn«pÅ {]apJ Znhy ktµihmlIcmbn tkh\w A\pjvTn¨p. ss__nfnð amemJamsc¡pdn¨pÅ BZy ]cmaÀiw: C§s\ Ah³ a\pjys\ Cd¡n¡fªp; Pohs³d hr£¯n¦te¡pff hgn Im¸m³ Ah³ GsZ³ tXm«¯nóp Ing¡p sIcq_pIsf XncnªpsImïncn¡pó hmfns³d Pzmebpambn \nÀ¯n; (Dev]¯n 3:24) ]p\cp°m\¯nð acn¨hcnð \nóp DbnÀs¯gptóð¡pt¼mÄ hnip²À kzÀ¤¯nse ZqXòmsct¸msebt{X BIpóp Fóv IÀ¯mhmb tbip km£n¨Xmbn aqóp kphntij§fnepw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv. Matthew 22:30, Mark 12:25, and Luke 20:34-36 hnizmk{]amW¯nð "ImWs¸Spóhbpw ImWs¸Sm¯hbpamb kIet¯bpw krjvSn¨' Fópw Bdmw Xp_vtZ\nð "Acp]nIfpsSbpw kIe PV§fpsSbpw DSbh\mb ssZhw' Fópw {]mÀ°n¡pt¼mÄ ImWs¸Sm¯ Hcp ssZhkrjvSnsb BWv \mw HmÀ¡póXv.
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IÀ¯mhnsâ aptómSnbmb kv\m]I tbmlómsâ AÛpXIcamb P\\w {]Jym]n¡m³ K{_ntbð ZqX³ ]ptcmlnX\mb skJcymhn\v {]Xy£s¸«p. (eps¡mkv 1:11)
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I\yIbmb adnbmant\mSv AhÄ ]cnip²mßmhn\mð KÀ`w [cn¨v Hcp aIs\ {]khn¡pw: Ah\v tbipshóv t]cnSWsaóv Adnbn¡m³ K{_ntbð ZqXs\ \ksd¯nte¡v Ab¨p. (eps¡mkv 1:26)
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ssZhs¯ kvXpXn¨psImïv CSbòmsc P\\w Adnbn¡m³ kzÀ¤¯nse ZqXòmÀ BImi¯v {]Xy£s¸«p. (eps¡mkv 2:9)
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kz]v\§fnse shfns¸Sp¯ð (Revelations in the dream) :
ss__nfnð {]hN\§Ä, amÀ¤\nÀt±iw, apódnbn¸pIÄ, Bg¯nepÅ Bßob DÄImgvN apXembhbv¡pÅ Znhy Bib hn\nab am[yaambn ]et¸mgpw kz]v\§Ä D]Icn¨n«pïv. {InkvXphnsâ P\\t¯mSv A\p_Ôn¨v \mev {]mhiyw kz]v\¯nð ZÀi\apïmbn.
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adnbbpsS KÀ`[mcWw ]cnip²mßmhnð \nómbXn\mð Ahsf `mcybmbn kzoIcn¸m³ aSnt¡ïóv \nÀt±in¨p. (a¯mbn 1:20)
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sltcmZm cmPmhnð \nóv c£s¸Sm³ adnbtbmSpw tbiphnt\mSpw H¸w CuPn]vXnte¡v HmSnt¸mIm³ apódnbn¸v \ðIn. (a¯mbn 2:13)
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sltcmZmhnsâ acWtijw bn{kmtbente¡v aS§póXv kpc£nXamsWóv Adnbn¸v \ðIn. (a¯mbn 2:19)
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sltcmZmhnsâ aI³ AÀ¡teymknð \nóv AIse Keoebnse \ktd¯nð Xmakn¡m³ \nÀt±in¨p. (a¯mbn 2:22)
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sltcmZmhns³d ASp¡ð aS§nt¸mIcpXp Fóp kz]v\¯nð hnZzmòmÀ¡v Acpf¸mSpïmbn«p AhÀ thsd hgnbmbn kztZit¯¡p aS§nt¸mbn. (a¯mbn 2:12)
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BImi {]Xn`mk¯nsâ (\£{Xw) Øm\Ne\w (Guidance by a celestial phenomenon, the Star):
Ing¡p\nóv hó Úm\nIsf \bn¡m³ Hcp AXpeyamb s_Xvetlw \£{Xw BImi¯v Aam\pjnIambn \o§n. (a¯mbn 2:2)
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