ARTICLE - MALAYALAM |
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HERITAGE OF ST. THOMAS |
hnhc kmt¦XnIhnZybpsS ]Ým¯e¯nð a\pjyPohnX¯nð \nóv \jvSambnt¸mb \pdp Iq«§Ä Fó \nebnemWv Cu Imes¯ Nne \jvS§tf¡pdn¨v \mw Nn´nt¡ïnbncn¡póXv. AXnð {][m\ambn ]dbpó HómWv: Loss of physicality and tangible experiences. apJmapJapÅ kw`mjW§fpw kwt_m[\Ifpw Cóv a\pjy\v \jvSs¸Spó Hcp Imew. The loss of attention and receptiveness \½fpsS {i²bpsS Imew t\À¯v t\À¯v hfsc Ipdªp hcnIbmWv Fómð hfsc {][m\s¸«Xmbn F\n¡p tXmónb Hcp Imcyw, deficit of sense of community and belonging, increased loneliness and disconnection. While the Internet connected globally, we can also contribute in it, but we feel isolation and lonlieness in balanced state of a community. Cóv ChnsS kt½fn¨ncn¡póXv Hcp Offline community BWv. Cóv \½psS IqSpXð aoÁnwKpIfpw Online BWv. Online aoÁnwKpIfnepÅ \½psS IqSn hchpIfpw hfsc Ffp¸amsWópw Iptd¡qSn thK¯nð \ap¡v Imcy§sf kwLSn¸n¡m\pÅ klmbIamIpsaópw Hs¡ \mw ]dbmdpïv. Fómð offline community IfpsS Hcp kmwKXyw AXp cq]s¸« Imew apXse hfsc henbXmWv. GsXmcp kaqlhpw cq]s¸SpóXv Nne Bib]camb ASn¯dbnð \nópsImïmWv. Cu Znhk§fnð \½Ä BhÀ¯n¨p {]tLmjn¡pó amÀt¯m½³ ss]XrIsaó B Hcp henb kwKXnbpw \nÝbambpw Hcp ASn¯dbpsS ]n³_e¯nð BWv. ]s£ s]mXphmbn Hcp AcmNIXzw, \nP hyhØnXnItfmSpÅ Hcp hn{]Xn]¯n Cóv ImWs¸Spópïv. AXp IpSpw_ambns¡mÅs«, kapZmbambns¡mÅs«, cmjv{Sobambns¡mÅs«, Fñm hyhØm]nX LS\Ifpw FXnÀ¡s¸tSïhbmWv Fó \nebnð AkXysagp¯pw Ak`ysagp¯pw hfsctbsd hÀ²n¨psImïncn¡pó Hcp ImeamWv. AXpsImïpXsó GsXmcp kaqlhpw AhcpsS Ncn{Xs¯¡pdn¨v hfsc hyàambn XeapdIfnð \nóv XeapdIfnte¡v kwhZnt¡ï Hcp Imew IqSnbmWv. Manu S. Pilla Fó aebmf¯nse sNdp¸¡mc\mb Ncn{Xsagp¯pImc³ FgpXnb ]e ]pkvXI§fnð HómWv The Courtesan, the Mahatma & the Italian Brahmin AXnsâ BapJ¯nð AbmÄ FgpXnbncn¡pó Nne hcnIÄ Dïv. "Ncn{Xw {[qhoIcn¡s¸«psImïncn¡pó Hcp ImeL«¯nemWv \mw Pohn¡póXv. NneÀ¡v AXv km¦ð¸nItam bYmÀ°tam Bb hy[IÄ¡v {]XnImcw sN¿póXn\pÅ Bbp[amWv. `qXIme¯nð \nóv kzmbXzamt¡ïXv hnthIw BWv. t{Im[mthiañ Fóp NneÀ \s½ HmÀ½n¸n¡póp. t]mb Ime¯nsâ \mÄhgnIfnð \nóv AhÀ IsïSp¡póXv {]Úbv¡v shfn¨amIpó A\p`h Pme§fmWv.' `qXIme¯nð\nóv \ap¡p ]eXpw DuÁnsbSp¡phm\pw, \mw BcmsWópw hÀ¯am\Ime¯nsâ Iq«p]mXIsf t\cntSïn hcpt¼mÄ \mw XncsªSpt¡ïXv F´msWópsams¡ AXv \ap¡v ]dªp Xcpw. A§s\sb¦nð t]mb Ime¯nsâ \mÄhgnIfnepÅ amÀt¯m½³ ss]XrIs¯¡pdn¨v Asñ¦nð A§s\sbmcp Bib]camb ASn¯dbnð kt½fn¨v Cu \m«nð Pohn¨pt]mó ae¦c \{kmWnIfnð Hcp hn`mKnX krjvSn¨Xv Cu ss]XrIXzs¯ sNmñn¯só BsWóv \ap¡dnbmw. apóta ]dªXpt]mse hyhØm]nXamb Fñm LS\ItfmSpw AXp IpSpw_w, k`m, kapZmbw cmjv{Sobw CXnt\msSñmw Hcp ]pXnb Xeapd hnapJX Im«pt¼mÄ AXnsâ GÁhpw {][m\s¸« ImcW§fnsemóv \½nð \ne\nð¡pó hn`mKnIX XsóbmWv. Fómð B CSÀ¨ hcp¯nbXv BcmWv? B CSÀ¨ F§s\bmWv kw`hn¨Xv? B hn`mKnbX¡p ]nónse ImcWw F{X ASnØm\clnXamsWóv \mw hoïpw hoïpw D¨¯nð kwhZnt¡ïnbbncn¡póp. \½psS ]nXmhpw, IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphnsâ XncsªSp¡s¸« ]{´ïv At¸mkvXeòmcnð Hcmfpambncpó amÀ tXmamÇolmbpsS ]utcmlnXy Øm\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ ]cnip² bmt¡m_v XrXob³ ]mXrÀ¡okv _mhbpsS Ið¸\ \½psS HmÀ½bnð Ct¸mgpw \ne\nð¡pópïsñm. ]cnip² ]mXrÀ¡okv _mh kpdnbm\n Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð \só AhKmlw t\Snbn«pÅ hyàn BsWóv \ap¡p AdnhpÅXmWv. Fómð B ]cnip² ]nXmhv F´psImïv A¯c¯nð amÀt¯mam ÇolmbpsS ]utcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨v Hcp ZpÀhymJym\w k½m\n¨p FópÅXv \mw BcmtbïXpïv. ImcWw, C¯c¯nsemcp sXÁmb hymJy\¯n\v hnt[bam¡nb thZ`mKs¯, kpdnbm\n Bcm[\mkmlnXy¯nð F¯c¯nemWv hymJym\n¨p Xóncn¡póXv FóXv \mw \nÝbambpw C¡me¯v Adnªncnt¡ïXpïv. \½psS IÀ¯mhnsâ DbÀ¸p s]cp\mfn\ptijw ]pXp RbdmgvN \mw hmbn¡pó Hcp {]mÀ°\ Dïv. B {]mÀ°\bnð hnip² tbmlómsâ kphntij¯nð \nóv Ató Znhkw \mw hmbn¡pó kphntij`mKw BWv kamlcn¡póXv. ASbv¡s¸« hmXnen\pÅnte¡v cïp XhW D°nX\mb {InkvXp {]Xy£\mIpó B thZ`mK¯nsâ kt½ml\amb Hcp hymJym\apïv. BZy XhW ASbv¡s¸« hmXnen\pÅnte¡v {InkvXp {]thin¡pt¼m³ AhnsS amÀt¯m½m Çolm Cñmbncpópshópw injyòmÀ ]dªXv X\n¡v t_m²ys¸«nñ Fópw Ahsâ hnem¸pd¯v Xsâ hncð kv]Àin¨n«ñmsX Xm³ hnizkn¡pIbnñ Fóv ]dbpóXmbn BZy JÞnIbnð \mw hmbn¡póp. hoïpw Ggp Znhkw Ignªv, BgvNh«¯nsâ F«mw \mÄ AS¨ncpó hmXnen\pÅnte¡v tbip X¼pcm³ {]thin¡póp. At¸mÄ ]cnip²\mb amÀt¯m½m Çolm AhnsS Dïmbncpóp. Xsâ hnem¸pd¯v hncepIÄ kv]Àin¡phm\pÅ A\phmZw Xsâ injy\v Kpcp\mY³ k½m\n¡póp. Cu `mKs¯¡pdn¨pÅ hymJym\w kpdnbm\nk`m ]mc¼cy¯nð, AXnsâ Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð C§s\bmWv Nn{XoIcn¨ncn¡póXvv. "]Xns\mcphÀ `£W¯n\ncn¡pt¼mÄ \o AhÀ¡v ImWs¸SpIbpw AhÀ hnizkn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Fómð tXmam BIs« \nsó ImWmªXn\mð ]ckyambn \nsó Iïv NhfwsImïv Xpdón«pÅ hnemhpw BWnIfmð Xpfbv¡s¸« ssIIfpw IïdnbmsX hnizkn¸m³ a\Êmbnñ.
ÇolòmcpsS D]tZi¯n\pw hgns¸«nñ. aÁpÅhcpsS ASnØm\¯nð ]WnbmXncn¸m³ AhÀ km£n¨Xv hnizkn¨panñ.' amÀt¯mam ÈolmbpsS Cu t_m[yamWv HómaXmbn ChnsS FSp¯p ]dbphm³ B{Kln¡póXv. aÁpÅhcpsS ASnØm\¯nð Xsâ hnizmkw ]Wnbm³ tXmamÇolm X¿mdmIpónñ. `mcXob ]mc¼cy¯nð hnizmks¯¡pdn¨v ]cmaÀin¡pó at\mlcamb Hcp ZrjvSm´w Dïv. AXv Adnhv BÀÖn¡póXns\¡pdn¨pw hnizmkw cq]s¸SpóXns\¡pdn¨pw s]mXphmbn ]dbmdpÅ Hcp ZrjvSm´amWv. Im«nð Xo ]SÀóncn¡póp. A§s\ Hcp hmÀ¯ \n§Ä tIÄ¡póp. tI«Xv \n§Ä¡v hnizkn¡mw. cïmasXmcp Xeapïv, tI« Cu hmÀ¯bpsS DÛhw tXSn bmYmÀ°yw Iïp]nSn¡m³ \n§Ä¡v kôcn¡mw. \n§Ä¡v thWsa¦nð Xo I¯nbncn¡póXv FhnsSbmtWm AhnsS t]mbn AXp ImWmw. Iïp hnizkn¡mw. aqómasXmcp Xew IqSnbpïv. \n§Ä¡p thWsa¦nð B Xobmbn¯ocmw. Kpcphns\t¸mse BIpóXv injy\p aXn FópÅ ]uckvXy Kpcp]mc¼cy¯nse at\mlc§fmb hcnIfpsS ImXð C¯c¯nepÅ Hcp Xobmbn¯ocpóXns\¡pdn¨pÅ kqN\ BWv Fóv BNmcyòmÀ ]Tn¸n¡mdpïv. ]cnip²\mb amÀt¯mam Çolm tI«p hnizkn¨nñ. Iïv hnizkn¡pI am{Xañ Hcp Xobmbn XocpIbmWv sN¿póXv. D°nX\mb {InkvXphnsâ icoc¯nð \nóv Hcp Xobmbn¯oÀóv `mcX¯nð Xsâ t{]jnXhr¯n \nÀÆln¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv. cïmaXmbn, Iptd¡pSn {][m\s¸« Hcp kwKXn ChnsSbpïv. hoïpw B {]mÀ°\bnð \mw hmbn¡póp: "Cóp injyòmÀ IqSnbncn¡pt¼mÄ \o hoïpw ImWs¸«p, PqXòmsc `bóv IXIpIÄ AS¨ncns¡ s]s«óv \o AhcpsS as²y hóp\nóv \n§Ä¡p kam[m\w Fóp ]dªp.' cïpaqóp hcnIÄ hn«n«v Rm³ hmbn¡bmWv. "{][m\mNcyòmÀ Fsó ]nSn¨v Ipcnin¨p sImñpsaópw, aqóp Znhk§Ä¡ptijw Rm³ DbÀs¯gtóð¡pw Fópw ap¼v ]dªXv Rm³ Xsó BIpóp. I_dnð \nóv DbÀ¯ \n§fpsS Kpcp Rm³ Xsó. Fsâ cïmas¯ hchnð \n§Ä¡p knwlmk\§Ä Xcmsaóp ]dªXpw Rm³ Xsó. Ignª RbdmgvN \n§Ä¡p ImWs¸« \n§fpsS Kpcp Rm³ Xsó. BIbmð \n§Ä `bs¸tSï.' ]cnip²\mb ]mXrbÀ¡okv _mhm knwlmk\§Ä Xcmw Fóp ]dªXv cïmas¯ BgvNbmsWóv hmb\bnð sXÁnt¸mbXmtWm Bsc¦nepw sXÁn²cn¸n¨XmtWm Fódnbnñ. "\n§sf ØncoIcn¸m\mbn Cópw Rm³ ImWs¸«ncn¡póp.' C\nbpw ]dbpóXv Ipd¨qIqSn thZimkv{X]cambn Kuchamb kwKXnbmWv. ss{IkvXh k`bpsS ASnØm\ hnizmk ineIsf BZys¯ {]Xy£Xbnse A`mhw, cïmas¯ {]Xy£Xbnse kmón²yw FóXv ChnsS ASnhcbn«v Dd¸n¡bmWv. "kzicoc\mbncns¡ Rm³ \n§fpsS DÅnð {]thin¨p, IXIpIÄ Xpdón«nñ.' blqZòmsc `bóv injyòmÀ IXIpIÄ AS¨n«ncn¡pIbmWv. AhntS¡mWv IXIpIÄ Xpd¡msX, P\meIÄ Xpd¡msX, a¨p s]mfn¡msX kzicoc\mbn icoct¯mSpIqSn Rm³ \n§fpsS kón[nbnð F¯nbncn¡póp Fóp ]dbpóp. F´nsâ ZrjvSm´w?. ss{IkvXh k`bpsS hnizmk¯nsâ cïv ASnØm\ {]amW§fmWv ChnsS ]dbpóXv. kpdnbm\n Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð C{Xtað kpµcambn BJym\w sNbvXn«pw F´psImïv Nnesc £p{Zw sNbvXv ab¡nbXpt]mse CXp hnkvacn¨p Ið¸\bnd¡m³ t{]cn¸n¨p FóXmWv \mw BcmtbïbXv. AXn§s\ hmbn¡póp; "A§s\Xsó I\ym{hXap{Z kpc£nXambncns¡ I\yIbpsS KÀ`¯nð \nóv Rm³ P\n¨p.' Virgin Birth . I\yImP\\saó ss{IkvXh k`bpsS hnizmk¯nse ASnØm\]camb kqN\. cïmaXv ]dbpóp: "A§s\ Xsó Iñdbnð ap{Z kpc£nXambncn¡pIbpw Imhð ]«mfw `{Zambn Im¯phcnIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ Rm³ AXnð \nóv ]pds¸«p.' Empty Tomb . {InkvXp DbÀs¯gpt\Á«nñ F¦nð R§fpsS {]kwKw hyÀ°w. \n§fpsS hnizmkw hyÀ°w. The Womb and the Tomb adnbansâ DZchpw Iñdbnse DZchpw CXp k`bpsS ASnØm\ hnizmk§fmWv. Cu hnizmk¯nsâ ØncoIcWamWv kzicoc\mbncns¡ \mw IXIpIÄ ]q«nbncns¡ \n§fpsS CSbnð cïmw h«hpw ISóp hóp FóXv hfsc hyàambn ]dbpóXv. Cu Hcp Bcm[\m kmlnXyw cq]s¸Spó ]Ým¯ew hyXykvX§fmb thZhn]coXnIfpsSbpw kXys¯ XakvIcn¡m\pÅ ]cn{ia§fptSbpw ]Ým¯e¯nemsWóv \½Ä ad¡cpXv. The Orthodox Veneration of St. mary Theotokos Fó Hcp ]pkvXIw djy³ ]mc¼cy¯nð Dïv. ]cnip² I\yIadnbmw A½bpsS DZc¯nð\nóv {InkvXphnsâ I\yImP\\w Fó kXys¯ XakvIcn¡phm³, blqZòmÀ apXð, bh\òmÀ apXð ]nóoSv XmXznIòmÀ apXð Nn´IòmÀ apXð Fñmhcpw k`bnse ]e hn`mK§Ä tNÀóv \S¯nb ]cn{ia§sf¡pdn¨v A¡an¡an«v AXnð hyàambn ]dbpópïv. I\yI KÀ`w [cn¨v Hcp aIs\ {]khn¡psaó sbi¿m{]hmNIsâ ]pkvXI¯nse hm¡pIÄ Septuagint ]IÀ¯n FgpXpó kab¯v AXp Xncp¯n bphXn KÀ`w Xcn¨v Hcp aIs\ {]khn¡psaóv Aós¯ dm_namÀ FgpXn tNÀ¯pshóv B ]pkvXI¯nð \mw hmbn¡póp. Virgin FóXn\p ]Icw Young woman Fóp ]Icw tNÀ¡póp. C¯c¯nepÅ ]cn{ia§Ä k`bv¡pÅnepañ, blqZaXt_m[¯n\pÅnepañ, \SóncpóXv. Egg Muller sâ BßIYbnð ]dbpópïv, blqZòmÀ acn¡pt¼mÄ AhcpsS ihs¸«n¡pÅnð aqóp IñpIÄ shbv¡pambncpós{X. F´n\v? Hóv kzÀ¤¯nse¯pt¼mÄ adnbs¯ Fdnbm³. cïmat¯Xv tbmk^ns\ Fdnbm³, aqómat¯Xv {InkvXphns\ Fdnbm³. C¯c¯nð Hcp henb aXhntZzj¯nsâ Christianity tbmSpÅ henb Hcp FXnÀ¸nsâ ]Ým¯e¯nð thWw I\yIm KÀ`s¯¡pdn¨v Cu Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póXv, ss{IkvXh k`bpsS ASnØm\ hnizmks¯ kw_Ôn¨v F{Xtað {]_eambncpó HómWv Fóv \mw a\Ênem¡phm³. cïmat¯Xnsâ sXfnhv hnip² thZ]pkvXI¯nð Xsó Dïv. hnip² a¯mbnbpsS kphntij¯nð ]dbpóp; B Iñd ap{Zsh¨v ]q«nbncpóp, AhnsS Imhð \nó ]«mf¡mÀ¡v ssI¡qen sImSp¯v injyòmÀ Ahsâ icocw tamjvSn¨p sImïpt]mbn Fó Hcp IY Cópw {]Nmc¯nencn¡póp. (hn. a¯mbn 28:12þ-15) Cu ]Ým¯e¯nemW:v "I\y{hXap{Z kpc£nXambncns¡ I\yIbpsS KÀ`¯nð\nóv Rm³ P\n¨p, A§s\ Xsó Iñdbnð ap{Z kpc£nXambncn¡bpw Imhð¸«mfw Im¯psImïncn¡pt¼mÄ Rm³ AXnð\nóv ]pds¸«p' Fóp ]dbpóXnsâ kmwKXyw. Ahkm\ambn ÈolòmÀ AÛpX]chicmbncpóp. Fñmw tbip ]dbpóXmbn«mWv ]nXm¡òmÀ {]mÀ°\m]qÀÆw FgpXnbn«pÅ {]mÀ°\bnð tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póXv. Cu hm¡p tI«t¸mÄ injyòmÀ AÛpX ]chicmbn \nóp. kt´mjhpw Bizmkhpw AhÀ¡pïmbn. A\´cw tXmambpsS hnizmk¡pdhns\ XoÀ¡m³ thïn Ah³ Bhiys¸« {]Imcw \nsâ BWn ]gpXnð Ah³ hncð CSpóXn\pw \nsâ hnemhns\ sXm«p t\m¡póXn\pw \nsâ Ir]bmð \o A\phZn¨p. C\n thZ]pkvXI¯nð ImWpóXpt]msebñ Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð ImWpóXv. "Ah³ Iïv hnizkn¡pIbpw kv]Àin¨v AdnbpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah³ GÁp]dªv kvXpXn¨v BlvfmZ`cnX\mbn. \o hyXymkanñm¯ Fsâ ssZhhpw IÀ¯mhpamIpópshóv ]dªp.' thZ]pkvXI¯nð Fsâ IÀ¯mhpw Fsâ ssZhhpta Ftó \mw hmbn¡pópÅp. F´psImïmbncn¡pw? kpdnbm\n k`bpsS Bcm[\m kmlnXy¯nð "hyXymkanñm¯ Fsâ IÀ¯mhpw Fsâ ssZhhpta' Fóp hnfn¡póXv. B ImeL«¯nð \nehnencpó kXyhnizmk¯n\v FXncmb thZhn]coXnIÄ¡pÅ D¯chpw adp]Snbw Bbncpóp AXv. aptóm«p hmbn¡pt¼mÄ, Ccp kz`mh hmZs¯¡pdn¨pw GIkz`mh hmZs¯¡pdn¨pw Hs¡ A¯cw hnÚm\ imJIsf¡pdns¨ms¡ \ap¡p kp]cnNnXamWv. A¯cw Hcp kmlNcy¯nemWv. \nónse ssZhXzhpw a\pjyXzhpw thÀ]ncnbm\mhm¯ hn[w Hómbn Xsó \nesImÅpóp Fó k`bpsS kXyhnizmk¯nsâ Hcp {]Jym]\ambn«mWv Fsâ IÀ¯mhpw Fsâ ssZhhpta Fó hm¡ns\ k`m]nXm¡òmÀ hymJym\n¨v \ðInbn«pÅXv. Ah³ GÁp]dªv Fñm kwib§tfbpw \o¡n¡fªp. Ahsâ k½X {]Jym]\¯mð AhÀ®\obamb Hón¸n\ptijw kz`mhw csïóp kwibn¡póhcpsS kwibs¯ CñmXm¡n. \nsâ AhXmcw shdpw tXmóepw ambbpamsWóp ]dªncpóhcpsS XÀ¡w Ahsâ XÀÖ\¯mð Aenªpt]mbn. Aós¯ Ime¯v \nehnencpó Gnosticism Nn´m[mcsb¡pdns¨ms¡ \ap¡dnbmhpóXmWv. ssZhXz¯nepw a\pjyXz¯nepapÅ \o HópXsó Fóv tXmamsb ]Tn¸n¨p. D×bnepw PV[mcW¯nepw \o Hóp Xsó. taepbc§fnepw Xmsg Bg¯nepw \o HópXsó. emkdnsâ Iñdbv¡ð IcªXv a\pjy\pw emkdns\ DbÀ¸n¨Xv ssZhhpw Fsóms¡ ]dªncpó Schools \v FXncmbn IrXyambn ]Tn¸n¡bmWv.
"R§Ä¡pthïn IjvXIfpw IpcnÈpw kln¨ R§fpsS IÀ¯mhpw ssZhhpw \obmIpóp. R§sf{]Xn acn¨v AS¡s¸«v aqómw Znhkw R§sf c£n¨ \o R§fpsS IÀ¯mhpw ssZhhpamIpóp.' C¯c¯nð hyàn]camb hnizmkw AXv Aánt]mse Xsâ lrZb¯nð Bfn¸StcïXmWv, AXv tI«p am{Xw hnizknt¡ïXñ Iïv AXv Bbn¯otcïXmsWóp ]Tn¸n¨XmWv amÀt¯m½³ ss]XrIw. AXpt]mse Xsó I\yImP\\w, Iñdbmð\nópÅ D°m\w Cu cïv ASnØm\ hnizmk {]amW§Ä ss{IkvXh k`bpsS hnizmk¯nsâ B[mc ineIfmWv Fóv Dd¨p {]Jym]n¡emWv amÀt¯m½³ ss]XrIw. ]gb Ime¯msW¦nepw ]pXnb Ime¯msW¦nepw kXyhnizmk¯n\v FXncmbn, HmÀ¯tUmIvkv hnizm¯n\v FXncmbn Dbcpó Fñm thZhn]coX§tfmSpw AkónKv[ambn {]Xntcm[n¡emWv amÀt¯m½³ ss]XrIw. {InkvXphnte¡pÅ hmXnemWv amÀ tXmamÇolm. {InkvXphnte¡pÅ hmXnemWv GsXmcp At¸mkvtXme\pw. A¯cw Hcp tXmóenð \nóv Ipdn¨psh¨ Nne hcnIfpïv. Ahkm\ambn AXv \nc¯nshbv¡mw.
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